POWDERED DRUGS AND FOODS. 



783 



Powdered capsicum is sometimes admixed with about i per 

 cent, of a fixed oil to improve its appearance, and such powders 

 are Hkely to contain in addition some of the commercial starches 

 or by-products obtained in the manufacture of cereal products. 



213. ILLICIUM (or Star Anise). — Dark reddish-brown 

 (Fig. 302, /) ; stone (or palisade) cells 0.3 to 0.6 mm. 

 long and 20 to 50 ft wide, with slightly thickened walls and 



Fig. 315. Soap bark: Ca, pyramids of calcium oxalate; B, bast fibers; St, stone 

 cells; S, starch grains- P, parenchyma containing starch and calcium oxalate; MR, medul- 

 lary rays; A, parenchyma with simple pores. 



simple pores ; isodiametric stone cells with thickened walls and 

 branching pores (astrosclereids) ; long sclerenchymatic fibers with 

 more or less irregularly thickened walls and simple pores ; outer 

 epidermal cells with striated cuticle; aleurone grains from 10 to 

 20 ju. in diameter, usually containing globoids. The poisonous 

 shikimi fruit is distinguished by somewhat shorter palisade cells ; 

 somewhat rounded stone cells; the aleurone grains contain crys- 

 talloids ; alcoholic solutions yield an oil with a disagreeable odor. 



