CASTANEAGEJ3. 



229 



ovules similar to those of Corylus. The fruit is the same, though 

 in general spialler and less hard, traversed by vertical salient 

 nervures. In Carpinus Ostrya ^ and virginianay^ of which the genus 

 Ostrya^ has been formed, the lateral bract, foliaceous like that of 

 the Hornbeams proper, surrounds the ovary, then the fruit, with a 

 sort of membranous conical sac, closed, finally covered with very 

 fine rigid hairs which easily penetrate the skin. In this respect, 

 these species, all the other characters of which are those of the Horn- 

 beams, and which, with us, will constitute only a 

 section of this genus, serve as intermediaries between 

 Corylus and other species of Carpinus. There are 



Caipinus Betulus. 



Kg. 177. Female flori- Fig. 180. Fruit, 

 ferous scale. 



Fig. 175. Male floriferous 

 scale (f ). 



Fig. 178. Female 

 flower {f). 



about ten species* of Hornbeams inhabiting the temperate regions of 

 both worlds. They are trees or shrubs, with alternate, penninerved, 

 doubly serrate leaves, folded in the bud according to the secondary 

 nervures,^ accompanied at the base with two lateral caducous 

 stipules.^ The male catkins are lateral ; and the female terminal. 

 At the period of fructification, these latter are elongate, pendent 

 and racemiform (fig. 176). 



1 L. Spec. 1417 (as regards European plants). 



"^ Lamk. Dkt. 1. 700, n. 4. 



3 MiCHELi, Gen. 223, t. 104.— Neeb Gen. i. t. 

 13. — Spach, Suit, a Buffon, xi. 215 ; Ann. So. 

 Nat. ser. 2, xtI. 243.— Endl. Gen. n. 1842; 

 Suppl. It. p. ii. 22.— A. DC. Pro^. xvi. p. 2, 

 124. 



■• L. Spec. 1416. — Ledeb. Fl. Boss. iii. 586. 

 —Walt. M. Carol. 236.— Lindl. Wall. PI. As. 

 Mar. ii. 4, t. 106.— Eeiohb. Ic. t. 633-635.— 

 Scop. Fl. Carniol. (ed. 1772), n. 1190, t. 60.— 

 Wats. Seitdi; t. 143 [Ostri/a), 157.— Mia. Aim. 



Mm. Lugd.-Bat. i. 121.— A. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 

 437.— Chapm. Fl. S. Unit. St. 425.— Gren. et 

 GoDK. Fl. de Fr. iii. 120.— Walp. Ann. iii. 379. 



5 "With some authors (A. DC. Prodr. 124) a 

 character of a tribe of Carpineoe of the family of 

 Corylacea; on the prefoliatioQ see Zuoc. Char. 

 Hohgew. t. 2. — Henry, Act, Nat. Cur. xxii. p. 

 i. t. 29. 



6 On the supernumerary germination of Car- 

 pinus Betulus, see Viaud-Gkandmarais, Bull 

 Soc. Bot. de Fr. vii. 839. 



