CASTANEAOE^. 



253 



bear on their different organs— buds, leaves, and fruit — galls pro- 

 duced in a similar manner, but very different in form, colour, and 

 consistence ; and generally very inferior in quality to those first 

 mentioned.^ All serve equally for the production of tannin, and the 

 preparation of numerous medicaments, ink, dyes, &c. Tbe species 

 used for dyeing and dressing skins, all rich in tannin, are also very 

 numerous in both worlds. The most celebrated are the Yellow Oak ^ 

 of iN'orth America, the Eed,^ White,* Cinder,* and Bi-coloured ^ Oaks 

 of the same country ; in Prance, the Burgundy Oak ; '' in the Levant, 

 the Velane Oak ; ^ not to mention all the species of secondary interest 

 possessing the same properties, and of which industry employs 

 either the wood, or the bark, or the acorns,^ The Chestnuts, so 

 little distinct generically from the Oaks, have also their astringent 

 properties. In our common Chestnut i" (fig. 189-198), as well as in 

 that of America, which has always been considered a different species, 

 and named Castanea pvmiila,^^ the liber has been employed as an 

 anti-dysenteric ; the involucre of the fruit as a dye : the bark is 



' Especially mentioned are tlie galls produced 

 hj Q. Cerris L. humilis IjAMK. ^gilops L. tauri- 

 cote KoTSOH. Vallonia Kotsoh. Q. j^gilops and 

 cocdfera fumisli also a sweet substance called 

 Oak manna. 



2 Q. coccinea Wanqenh. Anpfl. Nrn-dam, Hoh. 

 (1777), 44, fig. 9.— MicHX. Chin. t. 31, 32.— 

 MioHX. p. Arbr. Amdr. ii. 116, t. 23.— A. DC. 

 Frodr. n. 119.— Q. rubra L. Spec. 1413.— Q. 

 tinetoria MioHX. Chin. t. 24, 26. — MicHX. p. loe. 

 eit. t. 22.—B.JLYKE, Arzn. Oew. 12, t. 46.— Q. 

 velutiva Lamk. Diet. ii. 721. — Q. discolor W. 

 Spec. iv. 444 f 



' Q. rubra L. Spec. 1413 (part.). — Wansenh. 

 he. eit. t. 7. — Michx. op. eit. t. 35, 36. — A. DO. 

 Frodr. n. 116. 



* Q. alba L. Spec. 1414. — Michx. op. eit. ii. 

 13. t. 1.— Emees. ZV. Massach. 127, t. 1.— A. 

 DO. Prodr. n. 26. 



' Q. einerea Michx. Chen. t. 14. — A. DG. 

 Frodr. n. 145. 



s Q. bicolor W. iVb». Act. Berol. iii. 396, Spec. 

 iv. 440. — Emers. op. eit. 135, t. 4. — ^A.DC. Prodr. 

 n. 23. — Q. Michauxii Nctt. Gen. Amer. ii. 216. 



7 Q. Cerris L. Spec. 1415. — Hatne, Arzn. 

 Gew. xii. t. 48. — Geen. et Gtoee. Fl. de Fr. iii. 

 lis.— A. DC. Prodr. n. 79 {Soueier, Gland 



s Q. J^gilops Tj. Spec. 1414 (not Soop.).— 

 Tchihatch. As. Min. t. 41. — Q. Valani Oiiv, 

 [Velanide, Velanida, AvelanMe.) 



' Por example Q. montana W. {Prinos monti- 

 cola Michx.), olwiformis Michx. lyrata' Walt. 

 Prinus L. Bsculus L. Castanea W. falcata Michx. 

 virens Ait. maeroearpa Michx. lobata Nee, fal- 

 cata Miohx. Catesbcei Michx. palustris Du Roi, 

 aquatica Walt, and other interesting species 

 from North America, the greater part intro- 

 duced to European culture, where they excite 

 to a high degree the interest of hotanists ; in 

 the old world, Q. Fametto Ten. hiwiilis Lamk. 

 alnifolia Poech, maerolepis Kotsoh. Q. pseudo- 

 suberSMiT. {Q.eastaneiiefolia Coss.), whichis also 

 said to yield cork, Q. Libani Olit. casianecefoUa 

 C. A. Met. incana Roxu. &c. (See Kotsch. 

 EicK. Bwr. undOr. 1858-62. — Eosenth. op. eit. 

 184-188,) 



'« C. vulgaris Lamk. Diet. i. 708 (1783).- A. 

 DC. Prodr. 114.— (7. sativa Mill. Dict.—C. 

 vesea. G-jebtn. Fruct. t. 3. — Eeiohb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 

 t. 640.— TuBP. Diet. Se. Nat. Atl. t. 304, 305.— 

 Meb. et Del. Diet. Mat. Med. ii. 133. — Gtjib. 

 op. eit. ii. 284. — Rosbnth. op. eit. 188 — C. 

 japoniea Bl.— C Bumgeama Bl. — C. msca ameri- 

 cana Michx. Arbr, ii. 66, t. 6. — C. americana 

 Eapin. if. Syh>. 82. — Fagtts Castanea L. Spec. 

 416.— Thukb. Fl. Jap. 195. 



" Mill. Diet. n. 2.— Wangenh. Nordam. 

 SoU. t. 47.— Michx. Arbr. ii. 166, t. l.—G. 

 alnifolia Nutt. — C. nana Muehlb. Cat. 86. — 

 En. Sketch, ii 614.— Fagm pumila L. Spec. 

 141C {Chincapin). 



