494 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS, 



germen. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 8, of which 4 oppositipeta- 

 lous, sometimes sterile anantherous ; anthers of fertile ones subglo- 

 bose. Germen 2-locular ; ovules in cells oo , sub-1-seriate ; style 

 capitate or clavate at apex. Fruit capsular small linear ; valves 4, 

 of which 2 wider internally septiferous in the middle ; but 2 narrower 

 not seminiferous. Seeds oo , ascending, externally smooth or papil- 

 lose. — Slender annual herbs ; leaves alternate linear entire subener- 

 vate ; flowers (small) axillary solitary, very shortly pedicellate. 

 {Warm west, 'parts of both Americas.) — See p: 465. 



3. Ludwigia L. — Elowers (nearly of (Enothera) 3-5-merous; 

 receptacle cylindrical or turbiiiate, not produced beyond germen. 

 Petals entire, 2-lobed, or 0. Stamens twice as many as petals 

 (Jussicea) ; the oppositipetalous smaller, sometimes effete or rudimen- 

 tary ; or equal in number and alternipetalous ; filaments rather short 

 inserted under margin or between lobes of epigynous disk. Fruit 

 capsular, septicidal or rarely membranous, indehiscent, sometimes 

 dehiscing by apical pores; ribs of valves often dilacerate or irregu- 

 larly divided. — Herbs or rarely undershrubs or shrubs ; leaves alter- 

 nate or opposite ; stipules sometimes minute or glanduliform ; leaves 

 axillary solitary or in short terminal racemes ; bracteoles 2 lateral, 

 inserted at greater or less height on the pedicel or germen. Other 

 characters of CEJnothera. (All trop. and temp, regions.) — See p. 465. 



4. Clarkia Pursh. — Flowers (nearly of CEnothera) 4-merous ; re- 

 ceptacle produced shortly above ovary (Euclarkia) or long in narrow 

 cylinder {Eucharidium). Sepals 4, deciduous. Petals same in 

 number unguiculate, entire (Phceostoma) or oftener 3-lobate. Stamens 

 8, inserted in throat of receptacle, 2 -seriate; the oppositipetalous 

 smaller or rudimentary ; anthers deformed or evanescent ; filaments 

 of fertile alternipetalous ones sometimes enlarged interiorly at base 

 by elongate process of disk. Disk annular epigynous and surrounding 

 base of style. Germen 4-locular ; ovules oo . Fruit capsular coria- 

 ceous, loculicidally 4-valvate ; valves septiferous in middle, oftener 

 solute from columella. Seeds oo , ascending; punctate or papillose, 

 sometimes marginate. Other characters of CEnothera. — Annual 

 herbs ; leaves alternate elongate, entire or denticulate ; flowers 

 axillary solitary, sometimes (from leaves being changed to bracts) 

 terminally spicate. [North-west. America.) — See p. 466. 



5. Zauschneria Peesl. — Flowers (nearly of Clarkia) 4-merous ; 

 receptacle 4-gonal, above germen adnate within suddenly infundibu- 



