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two-thirds of it is filled. As a rule, the liquid accumulates mostly in the 

 fifth or sixth joint above the ground. The higher and lower nodes have 

 little of the liquid, and those at the top have none. 



At this time, the affected stem turns to greenish purple in colour 

 and finally a dark purple, the colour being so striking that the affected 

 stems can easily be distinguished from a distance. Finally the stems so 

 affected become rotten through the attack of other parasitic fungi, the 

 interior liquid dry up and the stem presents a withered gray appearance. 



II. Stem, Root Stem, and Root Tissue of the Affected Bamboo 



With regard to size of stem, thickness of woody tissue, distance 

 between nodes, and age, the affected stems were compared with those of 

 sound ones, and the abnormality of the tissue was fully studied. In Plate 

 VIII, Fig. 1, shows a micro-photograph of the cross section of a healthy 

 "Madake" stem cut in 1909 after sound growth from May, 1907. 

 Apparently, parenchyma in this stem has considerably thickened with 

 well developed vascular bundles. Cell layers around them show every trace 

 of vigorous growth giving strength and toughness to the woody stem. 



In Plate VIII. Fig. 2, is the micro-photographical representation of 

 two years old " Madake " stem which sprouted in July, 1907, and perished 

 from the malady. The stem serves well as a comparison with the healthy 

 grown stem above referred to, and specimens of the two stems agreeing in 

 height, distance between nodes, circumference of stem, and thickness of 

 woody tissues were fully compared. 



On comparing affected pieces (Fig. 2.) with those of the sound stem (Fig. 

 1.) one sees immediately that the parenchyma of Fig. 2. shows at a first glance 

 no marked distinction, excep ting that the fibrous cells in Fig. 2. are sur- 

 rounded only by a series of weak tissues composed of shin-walled cells not ob- 

 servable in Fig. 1. In Plate VIII. Fig. 3. is the micro-photograph of a stem 

 one year old that sprouted in May, 1909, and died in the course of the next 

 year. Compared with Fig. 2. it shows still poorer parenchyma havi ng a far 

 thinner wall of cells than Fig. 2. It is evident that the stem of Fig. 3. during 

 one year of its life did not developed as shown in sound stems in thickening 

 the walls of cells. Only a small portion of fibre tissues that thickened their 

 walls was found near the vessels, and the outer tissues showed but a poor 



