when hea\'y stubs or old arms ha\'e to be removed. The pruning saw shown 

 at the foot of Figure IV. is a Wingfield, whicli is much used, and by some operators- 

 preferred to the frame saws. Figure V. iUustrates a long j^runing shear mounted 

 on a light pole about eight feet long. It is chiefly used in pruning hedges and or- 



Fig. V. 

 Pruning shear for lieilges, etc. 



16" T Mipge 



V^ 



yy 



\y 



Fig. VI. 

 Orchard ladder. 



namental trees. All tools nuist be kept very sharp, well oiled and clean. Figure- 

 VI. shows a very suitable orchard ladder with only one leg behind, which can be- 

 pushed down between limbs or into the centre of the tree without doing any damage. 

 There are many brands of secateurs on the market, the Wiss, the Mexeur, and the- 

 Rieser being among the best, while the Depose is a cheap and very satisfactory 



