year's growth. Figvire Jl shows the four-year old tree pruned, wliile Figure 

 12 shows a five-year old tree unpruned, and Figiu-e 12a the same tree pruned. 

 Figures 13 and 14 show the nine-year old Jonathan unpruned and pruned built 

 up in this manner. It will be seen liow prolific in fruiting wood the tree has become 

 and how strong and healthy ; also how well balanced the tree is. This tree has 

 24 main leaders and yet there is no crowding, not only have we an open centre, 

 but ample room is provided between the leaders for the carrying of the laterals 

 and the free entry of sunlight and air. The tree is well clothed with fruiting wood 

 from the base up without excess or crowding. Tliis tree was primed from the 



Fig. n. 

 Foiu'-yeav olil .binatlian jiniued. 



ground without the aid of a ladder and bore the previous season six cases of first 

 class export fruit. Figure 15 shows the tree in foliage ; some fruit is permitted 

 towards the top but the leaders are carrying the fruit without difficulty. One of 

 the chief aims of a good orchardist is to keep the spur growth round the bases of 

 all trees healthy and productive, and this can only be done by properly nourishing 

 the tree, by the free entry of air and sunlight, and by judicious pruning. Figure 

 16 shows the base of a 23-year old Jonathan clothed with fruit and making good 

 lateral growth. Figure 17 shows a portion of a 15-year old Jonathan carrying 

 10 cases of fruit. 



