40 



tlie permanent leaders can be allowed to go vmpruned for a season but tliey must 

 be shortened back again the following winter. They spur readily under this 

 treatment and bear heavily. Figure 37 shows a tree carrying a heavy crop of 

 fruit and yet making good top growth. Figure 38 shows a portion of a tree 

 heavily laden showing even distribution of fruit. Figure 39 shows rows of this 

 variety illustrating every tree doing its duty and carrying its load without any break- 

 ing doivn of the limbs. It will be seen by running the eye along these rows that 

 although every tree is carrying up to its full capacity the leaders have made good 

 top growth ensuring that the sap will be drawn to the extremities to nourish all 

 fruit and spxii" gi'owth and ensure a healthy sap flow throughout the tree to keep 

 it thoroiighly healthy and vigorous. Figui'e 40 shows a limb, giving some idea 

 of how the tree carries its fruit. This variety stands storm and wind conditions 

 without casting its fruit. It has proved a regular bearer in Western Australia. 



Delicious. — An American apple of great promise which has done remarkably 

 well in Victoria and exports well. It is inclined to be large and requires heavy 

 cropping to keep it down to size. The fruit is of good colour and rich aromatic 

 flavour. The tree is a very heavy bearer and a strong vigorous grower which 

 does not spur too well on the lateral except in light soils, but some laterals must 

 be left long for protection. Figure 41 shows a limb of this variety. The tree 



Pig. 33. 

 Thinning Yates spur. 



can be thrown into bearing if very vigorous by letting the leaders go unpruned 

 for a season as for Statesman. 



Stayman's Winesap. — A famous American apple, doing well in Victoria, where 

 it has been growing for some years. The fruit cold stores well, and is of fine colour 

 and quality. Figures 42 and 43 show portions of trees of this variety. The 

 fruit bears on both the lateral and sliort spur growth. 



Black Ben Davis. — Another American variety grown in Victoria but not 

 proved successful; owing to its having a very tender skin it is not able to stand the 

 Bordeaux spraying for spot. It is a heavy cropper and a good quality apple. Figure 

 44 shows a limb of this variety. 



Senator. — Another fine American variety in bearing in Victoria ; a good 

 cropper, fruit a fine colour, shape, size, and flavour ; promises to be a welcome 

 addition to our export varieties. Figui-e 4.5 shows a limb of this variety pruned 

 in the same manner as for Winesap. 



Rokcwood. — A well known late apple and long keeper, does well in Western 

 Australia. This tree is inclined to overbear and stmit. The tree should be well 

 fed and encouraged to bear as much fruit as possible without checking its growth, 

 the object being to grow the fruit from 2J to 2-| inches in diameter, as fruit over 

 2|in. in size does not keep well. The tree is a natural spurrer and only a few long 

 laterals should be permitted, all others being shortened in close. Figure 46 

 shows a limb of this variety. 



