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evenly distributed rurougliout ; and the base, although the tree is an aged one, 

 is well furnished with fruiting-wood, which has been kept healthy by thoroughly 

 noui-ishing the tree and permitting ample light and free air-circulation everywhere. 

 As soon as the tree settles into bearing habits, the loaders should be hard pruned 

 back,Jto keep down the height of the tree and to encourage good top-growth, which 

 ensures the sap going to the extremities, thus feeding and nourishing all fruit as 

 well as the spur and bud growth for the following season. The points of the 

 leaders must be kept clear, so as to ensiu'e a clean get-away of the top shoot in 

 thejsaine manner as for apples. 



Flu;. (iO. 

 .\ged Williams Pear iiviineil. 



Kieffers Hybrid. — A very erect grower, and a ^'ery unsatisfactory cropper 

 unless planted alongside another variety flowering at tlie same time, when it will 

 bear heavy crops. It should be formed with as wide a base as possible and pruned 

 as f or WilUams , but some growers in the fifth year let the leaders go unpruned, 

 and bend them over by tying them down with light binding-wu'e from near the 

 extremities of the leaders down to a band placed round the trmik, taking care 

 not to break them when bending. It should be done before the leaders become 

 too rigid. This will cause the lateral growth to be thrown out strongly all along 



