VI. THE LINKAGE WITH THE 

 MODERN TIME 



IN WAYS inscrutable as well as in trace- 

 able currents, Greek biology and medicine 

 have entered into their greater modern 

 congeners. There is no unbroken and con- 

 tinuous record. Modern biology starts afresh 

 from observation and experiment, and advances 

 through constantly spreading avenues of 

 scientific research. Medicine and anatomy 

 gather impulse from rebellions against the 

 ancient authorities and rejections of their 

 statements; Paracelsus (1493-1541), but re- 

 cently recognized as a great and original physi- 

 cian, declares against the four humors of the 

 old pathology, asserts that they do not exist, 

 / and publicly burns the works of Galen. 

 Vesalius, " founder of modern anatomy," 

 proves that Galen's anatomical descriptions 

 are wrong because based on the dissection of 

 apes and pigs instead of men and women. 



Yet even when men think to disavow and 

 reject, they are affected by what has made part 

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