BRIEF OUTLINE 



crates and Galen who became integral parts in the 

 medical instruction in Universities for centuries; 



Michael the Scot (ii75?-i234?) ; two versions of 

 Aristotle's Historia Animalium; 



Albertus Magnus (1206-80), Commentary on Historia 

 Animalium; Albertus began first-hand plant-study 

 in modern times. 

 14th century: Nicholas of Reggio translated the treatise 

 of Galen On the uses ' of the (bodily) parts, from 

 Greek into Latin; the best account of the human 

 body then available and the starting point of modem 

 scientific medicine; 



Conrad von Megenberg (1309-1398) ; Book of Nature, 

 founded on Latin versions of Aristotle and Galen. 

 15th century: Recovery of more Hippocratic and Galenic 

 texts, which were turned into Latin; e.g., Thomas 

 Linacre (c. 1460-1524) ; " De Naturalibus Faculta- 

 tibus", 1523; 



Isolated Edition of Galen, 1490, but Hippocratic works 

 first printed in 1525. 

 16th century: A new biological science, largely due to 

 Aristotle and Galen, although Paracelsus (1493-1541) 

 destroyed the ' humoral pathology ', and publicly 

 burned the works of Galen; 



First Greek text of the Aphorisms of Hippocrates, 1532, 

 edited by Rabelais; 



Vesalius (1514-1564) the modem " Father of Anatomy "; 

 though he based his work on Galen, yet he shook 

 the authority of Galen, by proving errors of Galen; 



Antonio Benivieni (tiS02) revived Hippocratic tradi- 

 tion by publishing notes of cases, with records of 

 deaths and post-mortem examinations, — as did 

 Amatus Lusitanus (1511-c. 1562), of Portugal; 



Ambroise Pare (1517-159°). "Father of Modem 

 Surgery"; though no classical scholar, profoundly 

 influenced by classical traditions; 



Fabricius ab Acquapendente (1537-1619), founder of 

 modem embryology and an Aristotelian; 



William Harvey (1578-1657), founder of modem experi- 



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