32 FORESTRY IN FRANCE. 



vegetation ceases, has its appropriate wooding. In the northern regions of 

 France or in the elevated regions of the center the pine predominates; in the 

 southwest and warm, damp climate the maritime pine, and in the raw climate 

 of the high alpine regions the cembro pine; in the southeast and Provence 

 the aleppo pine. 



As to the revenue of forests in 1876, the 9,185,310 hectares produced a 

 sum of 236,755,429 francs, or an average of 25.78 per hectare, besides such 

 minor revenues as leases of shootings, fishing, pasturage, broom, ferns, etc. 

 The following details are given : 



2 departments produce over 70 francs per hectare on 139,688 hectares. 



2 " " from 60 to 70 " " 171,489 " 



' S " " " 50 to 60 " " S75.I68 " 



12 " " " 40 to 50 " " 861,629 " 



20 " " " 30 to 40 " " 1,962,654 " 



12 " " " 20 to 30 " " 1,283,182 " 



13 " " " 10 to 20 " " 1,640,802 " 

 12 " " '5 to 10 " " 1,385,938 



9 " " below 5 " " 1,164,760 



87 departments. 9,185,310 hectares. 



CUTTING OF WOOD IN FORESTS UNDER STATE SUPERVISION. 



In 1876 ftom 967,120 hectares of State forests were obtained 2,940,426 

 cubic meters of wood (equals 3.040 per hectare); also 162,592 cental's tan- 

 bark, 728 centals corkwood, and 9,367 centals rosin gallipot, etc., of a 

 money value of 38,021,170 francs, including shooting, etc., or 40.35 francs 

 per hectare. 



The coriimunal forests, or 1,860,334 hectares yielded 5,016,265 cubic 

 meters of wood (equals 2.696 per hectare), 352,974 centals tanbark, 2,234 

 centals corkwood, 10,625 centals rosin, etc., of a money value of 43,930,759 

 francs, including shooting, etc., or 23.61 francs per hectare. 



The total amount of wood cut was thus 7,956,691 cubic meters, or 

 6,c325,403 meters firewood and 1,932,355 for building purposes. 

 ' Wood is sold mostly standing, the government officer marking the trees 

 with his hammer; it is also sold in lump, cut and prepared. 



In 1876 the State sold 2,266,254 cubic meters of standing trees, produc- 

 ing 3i>274,432 francs; the second modus is resorted to when the trees are 

 yet too young to stand the marking by the hammer. In this way 477 190 

 cubic meters were sold for 4,087,819 francs. Of cut and prepared wood the 

 State sold m 1876 138,685 cubic meters for 1,656,426 francs, giving an 

 average of 13.80 francs for standing wood, 8.56 francs for sale in lump, and 

 11.94 francs for cut and prepared wood. Communes generally sell 'their 

 wood standing. 



Neither communes, sections, nor public institutions are permitted to sell 

 any wood, whether subject to government regime or not, without having 

 first obtained government authorization; neither are they permitted to clear 

 them. 



