FORESTRY IN GERMANY. 93 



Forest officials appointed by landlords, town authorities, or corporations must be approved 

 by the state. 



All forest officials are in duty bound to be sworn by the state officials before they enter 

 upon their duties ; and officials of the same grade possess equal power. 



Sec. 3. No person can become a forest official who has not attained the age of twenty-one 

 years. 



Sec. 4. A person serving in the forest administration is debarred from holding any other 

 office. Yet, with the agreement of the person having the appointing power, the state officials 

 can make exceptions to the last preceding paragraph. 



Sec. S- All forest officials and the entire forest service are forbidden to sell wood, or any 

 other product of the forest, or to engage in any business in which wood or forest products is 

 the chief article of business, or to take part in any such business. Only with the agreement 

 of the state authorities and those having the appointing power to service in forest work can 

 the privilege be obtained to buy wood, to graze cattle, to sell grass, or to cultivate the land. 



Sec. 6. The person possessing the right to services of forest officials must bear the expenses 

 connected with such officers' work. 



The towns and corporations must pay a definite tax to the state, and a stipulated sum to 

 the foresters, when their forests have been directly cared for by forest officials appointed either 

 by the landlords or state. Also the following allowances : 



1. For the usual offices — 



a. For checking off fire- wood of more than 20 cords, or for checking off log- wood, 300 

 cubic feet. 



i. For the counting of wood intended for burning, and for measuring log-wood. 



c. For gathering acorns. A price may be settled upon for allowing the use of the acorns 

 to herders of swine, or for gathering the seeds. 



</. For indicating what trees are to be felled in leaf woods, pasture woods and districts 

 where the people are allowed to gather the chips and fall wood. For fencing in of places 

 being treated or cultivated. 



e. For general care of the forests according to approved methods of culture. 



2. For exceptional labor (j. e.). 

 a. For reports on boundaries. 



6. For declaring values of woods, and for dividing woods into parts and also for bounties 

 for exemption from service. 



c. For local inspection, in cases where a change of cultivation is intended. 



d. For personal inspection where destructive natural forces, or other destructive agencies, 

 are at work. 



For tlie exceptional labors classified under number 2 the master forester is allowed all fees 

 and privileges allowed by statute. 



Sec. 7. For the purpose of marking trees, the trees both in inclosures and open woods, 

 the forester carries a wood-axe. The owner of the wood is allowed to have a control badge 

 or sign. A copy of both the wood-axe and the control badge are to be deposited ip the com- 

 petent district office, and, also, one must be left at the forest office. 



Sec. 8. The forest officers direct the cultivation of the woods and forests. They also indi- 

 cate what woods and forests may be used for various purposes; and control, in general, tlie 

 direction of supervising the forest police force. This they also do in regard to private forest 

 domains only so far as the present laws allow. In case their orders are not fully executed, or 

 in case contest over the meaning of the laws arise, then the forest officials shall appeal to the 

 courts after first having acquainted the state appointed forest authorities. 



Trees of the various kinds not arranged in woods or forests do not come under control of 



the forest laws. 



THE CULTIVATION OF THE FORESTS IN GENERAL. 



Sec. 9. The forests are to be so cultivated that by the cutting down and rfemoval of old 

 large trees without loss of time a young forest can. take their place. 



