FORESTRY IN GERMANY. 95 



young trees are growing is strictly forbidden. Such timber can only be so much prepared as 

 is necessary to secure its safe transportation. 



Sec. 24. The rooting out and cutting of stumps is allowed, only where no young growth is 

 again expected. Wherever a stump has been dug out the ground must be levelled up. 



Sec. 25. Wlierever a young growth of trees is found and wood must be piled up in its 

 neighborhood, it must be so packed and piled as to do as little harm as possible to the young 

 growth. 



Sec. 26. The carrying away of the wood by drags is forbidden except over snow, or in 

 places where other methods are not possible. * 



Sec. 27. Cutting, chopping, and all other kinds of work on wood products in the forests by 

 night is forbidden. 



Sec. 28. The clearings must be made within the time from September to April, inclusive. 

 If the clearing is to be made in the mountain heights, among swamps, or in timber land, it is 

 not possible to bring it all out before the 1st of May, then the forester can make an allowance 

 of time ; but for a continuance of the privilege from year to year application must be made to 

 the state authorities. 



Sec. 29. No part of the forest must be left barren. All unnecessary paths, ways and gullys 

 must be filled up and planted. 



Sec. 30. Cord-wood for burning must be piled 6 feet high, 6 feet wide and 6 feet long. 



Wood 4 inches thick, or thicker, must be split, all less than 4 inches in diameter will be 

 left round. 



If the wood is made up into bundles, then must these bundles be 4 feet long and I foot 

 thick. Because of the difference of measures in different parts of the land the forest officials 

 can allow the privilege of making up the cords and bundles to meet the export trade. Those 

 persons having the right to cut wood will receive the same quantities as before, but it must be 

 measured in accordance with the new measure. 



Sec. 31. Every wood and forest witliin five years after the enactment of these laws must be 

 measured, staked with boundary Inarks, have the boundary defined and described, and must be 

 so marked for cutting that when the last in a series of cuttings is finished the first of the series 

 shall be ripe to begin the series of cuttings again. For the purpose of registering the measures, 

 limits of boundary and estimates for each cutting, expenses shall be paid from the department 

 of forestry, and copies of the boundaries shall be deposited at the bureau of forestry. A new 

 survey will not be necessary where land has once been surveyed and plans of the same have 

 been deposited, and the old measures can be exactly reduced to the new legal measure. Should 

 the owner of a forest fail to have survey, definition of boundaries made within the specified 

 years, by giving good reasons why it could not be done, an extension of time may be granted. 



CONCERNING THE USES OF THE FORESTS FOR GRAZING, ETC. 



Sec. 32. In forests of high trees the places planted must not be used for grazing places only 

 after the young trees have attained the ages : 3. Leaf-bearing trees, 33 years ; i5. Needle-bear- 

 ing trees, 30 years. 



In forests of low trees : a. Under hardwood trees, not before the trees are 25 years old ; 

 i. Under ash, alder, birch, and softwoods generally, not before they have attained the age of 

 12 years. 



In forests of mixed trees the time will be governed either by the period assigned to that 

 kind of tree lyhich most prevails, or in case of doubt the period will be marked by the number 

 of years assigned to hardwood. 



Sec. 33. The grazing of cattle will be allowed only between May and October, inclusiye. 

 The grazing of cattle in general ceases 50 soon as cattle are turned into the forests to fatten for 

 the market. 



Sec. 34. Before sunrise and after sunset pasturing of cattle in the forests is not allowed. 

 Only in cases where it would be too far to drive the cattle home are they to be allowed to remain 

 in the forests, and then only in sheds or inclosures. 



