96 FORESTRY IN GERMANY. 



Sec. 35. The necessary paths through the forests to the meadows or springs will be indi- 

 cated by the foresters when they do not already exist. 



Sec. 36. The pasturing of sheep and goats in the forests is not allowed ; though in village 

 districts, with the consent of both owner and forest officials, an exception to this rule may be 

 made. 



Sec. 37. Each animal pasturing in the forests, except sheep, must wear a bell. 



Sec. 38 Each town and village is in duty bound to appoint one or more shepherds to watch 

 the flocks. No villager must, either of himself or through an appointed shepherd, drive his 

 flocks apart from the common flocks, they must all feed together. When a village has no 

 pasture right, but certain parties do possess it, these parties in common are required to appoint 

 a shepherd. 



Sec. 39. Only those parts of the forest that have passed the periods of years indicated in para- 

 graph 32 will be used for grass or grazing purposes. 



Sec. 40. The gathering of green leaves from the trees for the purposes of fodder is forbid- 

 den. In times when the pasturage fails the forester, with the consent of the owner of the for- 

 est, can make exceptions to the above rules. 



-Sec. 41. Gathering of leaves, moss or needles will be allowed in woods of high trees, 

 only after leaf-bearing trees have obtained an age of 40 years, and needle-bearing trees an 

 age of 30 years. And in woods of low trees only after the hardwood has obtained 15 years, 

 and softwood 12 years, nor can these be gathered only up to within I3 years of the time ap- 

 pointed for felling the trees. No leaves, needles or moss shall be gathered for 3 years before 

 the trees are felled. 



Sec. 42. Certain districts where the soil is scant and poor, or where the trees grow on steep 

 sides, exposed to the sun, &c., must not be opened to the public for the gathering of leaves, 

 moss or needles. 



Sec. 43. The gathering of leaves, moss, &c., will be allowed only on days appointed by 

 the forest officials, acting in conjunction with the forest owners. Nor must the leaves be raked 

 up with any other rakes than wooden rakes. Except with the consent of the forest officials 

 leaves shall not be gathered in the same forest two years in succession. 



Sec. 44. For the purpose of gathering acorns and beech-nuts, to feed the swine, only those 

 oak and beech trees must be used which are not needed for seed purposes. Upon the en- 

 trance of a year in which the gathering of nuts is allowed, must the forest owners and those 

 possessing the right to gather, notify the forest officials. 



Sec. 45. Only on fixed and stated days, appointed by the forest officials, by and with the 

 consent of the forest owners, will the gathering of nuts, acorns, &c., be allowed. 



The leaves raked together when gathering the nuts or acorns, must be scattered again, im- 

 mediately after the nuts are picked up. The knocking of acorns from the trees is not allowed. 



Sec. 46. The gathering of the acorns or the feeding of the swine in the woods will not be 

 allowed longer than three months. 



Four weeks before the time of permitting the swine into the woods the forest officials will 

 cause notices to be posted up in the different villages to that effect, and these notices will 

 signify in what districts entrance is allowed. 



Sec. 47. The forest officials will determine in accordance with the bearing capacity of the 

 trees how many swine may be allowed in a forest. 



Sec. 48. Those parties having the right to send their hogs into the forests are bound to 

 see that they are cared for by a swine herd or shepherd (hirlen). The swine must be branded, 

 each village or party having their particular brand, copies of the brand must be deposited at 

 the forest bureau. 



Sec. 49. The gathering of pitch is allowed only in forests that are 50 years old. The for- 

 esters will mark the trees reserved for seed ; from said trees no pitch must be removed. The 

 forester shall also indicate to owners, or those having the right to gather pitch, what trees they 

 may tap and how many taps or openings they may make on each tree. Said privilege to 

 make taps must be regulated by" the strength of the tree. 



