FORESTRY IN GERMANY. 



125 



covered the mountains/' and remarked that in earlier years the amount of rain 

 on "Madeira, the Canary and Azores Islands was just as large, but that since 

 the trees that spread out their shade over the land had been cut away rain had 

 become more seldom." 



Examples of the truth of these observations may be pointed out in almost 

 every country. In all the forest academiesof Germany the most careful atten- 

 tion is at present given to this important subject. It is thoroughly believed 

 in these schools that forests moderate the extremes of temperature, and that 

 such extremes of heat and cold do not occur in well wooded districts as are 

 to be observed in districts devoid of forests. 



The important meteorological observations of Dr. E. Ebermayer, professor 

 at the Forest Academy of Aschaffenburg, in Bavaria, show that the mean tem- 

 perature of the air throughout the year is cooler in the forest than on open land, 

 but that this difference seldom exeeds i"" Celsius. 



The following .table shows the result of this observation for the different 

 parts of the year : 



Showing the difference between the temperature of the air in forest and on open land^ 

 from observations made in five different states for each season of the year. 



States. 



In spring. 



In summer. 



Prussia 



Bavaria 



Switzerland . 



France 



Wiirtemberg. 



Prussia 



Bavaria 



Wiirtemberg. 



-0.23 

 -1.27 

 -0.74 

 -0-43 



-0.8 



-o. 06 

 -0.42 

 -0.50 



-0.80 

 -2.06 

 -1.02 

 -o. go 



-fo.26 

 -fo.o6 

 — 0.42 



-I- 15 

 -0.89 



+0.36 

 ■+0.15 



-o. 76 

 -2.04 

 -1. 51 

 -1.03 

 -1.70 



-0.40 

 -1.07 

 -1. 00 



-1.76 

 -2.9: 

 -1.64 

 -1.20 



ho. II 

 -1. 01 

 -1.34 

 -0.90 



+0.36 

 —0.25 



-0-35 

 -0.74 

 -0.87 

 -0,70 

 -0.50 



-0.27 

 -0.20 



-0.82 

 -1.20 

 -0.92 



-I. CX) 



-rO.oi 

 — o. 19 

 —0.82 

 —0.30 



—I- 15 

 —0.46 



1-0.30 

 -O. 01 



-0,05 

 -0.47 

 -0.51 

 -0.37 

 -0.30 



1-0.08 



0.00 

 0.00 



-0.4 



-1-33 

 -1.03 

 -o. 70 



ho. 26 

 t-0.60 

 -0.20/ 

 -0.20 



1-0.29 

 -0.47 



a. Five feet above the ground. 



b. At the tops of the trees. 



(_) lower, or {-!-) higher than in the open land, degrees : Celsius. 



