FORESTRY IN GERMANY. 1 35 



Department office expenses — Continued : 



Stationery and incidentals §283.00 



Traveling expenses, keeping of horses for the service, and other expenses... 4,284.00 



Forest administration : 



Salary of the chief counsellor to forest board ' S7'-20 



Bureau of appraisement : , 



Salaries, remunerations, rents, traveling expenses, books, stationery, &c 2,450.21 



Surveyors' fees 238.00 



Boundary stones and for establishing boundary lines 238.00 



Cultivation of the forest 11,662.00 



Labor in forest: felling of wood, splitting and cording 74,732.00 



Building and maintaimng forest roads 13,566.00 



Tools and implements 190.40 



Loss by wood gratuities and discounts on price of wood furnished under 



certain privileges , 3,748.50 



Aid to students at the forest academy 83.30 



Incidental expenses j 702.56 



Loss in rent for hunting grounds 47.60 



Total 165,608.00 



Recapitulation. 



Receipts ^(413,749.00 



Expenditures 1 65,608.00 



Net profit for the year 248,141.00 



These figures show an annual net income of ^248,141, or about J2.38 

 per acre. Upon the first glance at this exhibit it may be concluded that the 

 net income per acre is not very large. 



The revenue, of course, could be easily increased if it was thought ex- 

 pedient to fell a larger amount of timber than a scientific management of the 

 woods would justify. But here the result is considered perfectly satisfactory, 

 and experience has proved that a result so favorable as this could only be 

 obtained by the exercise of vigilant foresight, prudence and skill in the 

 management and cultivation of the woods. 



J-OREST PLANTING AND CULTURE METHODS, BOUNTIES. 



Part of the information on this subject I obtained through the kindness of 

 Overforester Carl Mueller, of Coburg, a venerable and friendly gentleman, 

 who has been engaged as a state forester since 1839, and his remarks are 

 herewith submitted in the plain and abridged language in which they were 

 given. 



The clearing of forests is usually done by sections, i. e., a certain section 

 of forest is entirely cut away, while the young trees of natural growth re- 

 main standing. There is often enough new wood to pretty nearly fill the 

 places of the trees removed. If this is not the case then recourse is to be had 

 to seeds or to transplanting young trees from the nurseries into the vacant 

 spots. Sometimes it also occurs that tracts of woqd land that have been 

 cleared are allowed to lie fallow for a time in order to aid the productiveness 



