142 



FORESTRY IN GERMANY. 



either J^efore or. after the passage of this law, wish, on economical grounds, to restore the piece 

 of land £«ain to the purposes of a lield, meadow or garden, no forest police authority is nec- 

 essary in the premises. It will only be required that the same rate of taxes shall be paid. 



Art. 27. Pasturage in the woods can only be had by permission, and under the supervision 

 of one or more herdsmen. The claimant of a right to pasturage is also bound tA follow the 

 instructions of the foresters in regard to the places where he may exercise his right. In driv- 

 ing cattle to pasture it is prohibited to take them through young growths of wood or any other 

 places where they may do injury to the plantations. Wood pasturage is in no case to be per- 

 mitted before sunrise or after sunset. 



Art. 28. Herdsmen who shall repeatedly transgress the regulations in reference to wood 

 pasturage within one year must, on the proposition of the forest officials or the wood-owners, in 

 addition to the punishment incurred by the offense, be dismissed firom the service of their 

 femployere. So soon as this proposition has been made the forest officials may prohibit the 

 herdsmen from further herding in the woods. 



Art. 29. Grazing in the woods shall only take place by permission of the forest officials; 

 and then only where it may be safely allowed without injury of any sort. 



Art. 30. For the use of moss, leaves and litter the authority of the forest officials must 

 first be obtained, and this can only be granted where the collection of these materials will 

 work no harm to the growth, In the gatheruig of leaves and moss a wooden rake may only 

 he used. The use of iron rakes, shovels and hoes, and also brooms, for this purpose, is pro- 

 hibited. In cutting broom and heath the cutting instruments that are used must first be shown 

 to the forest officials for their approval. 



Art. 31. The use of axes or any other cutting tools in the gathering of dry or fallen wood, 

 as well as of any kind of cart to carry away the same, is prohibited, unless particular permis- 

 sion to use the same has first been obtained from the forest officials. The time for cutting and 

 ' collecting fallen wood shall be appointed by the forest offices. For gathering windfallen 

 wood, as a rule, the forest offices shall fix two days in each week; but in extraordinary cases 

 where the windfall has been uncommonly large, the time of gathering the same may be ex- 

 tended to more than two days, at the discretion of the forest offices. To procure firewood 

 from the supply kept in the districts of Sonneberg and Eisfeld, four days in each week 

 shall be appointed by the respective forest offices in which the wood may be dehvered; 

 but if a fewer number of days shall be found sufficient, the time shall be reduced and fixed 

 accordingly. 



Art. 32. The preparation and working over of building material in the wood is prohibited, 

 and may only be allowed in exceptional cases of pressing necessity by the forest offices. 



Art. 33. If there shall occur in any forest district repeated theft of timber, the ducal state 

 minister, department of the interior, shall publicly order and proclaim that, during a certain 

 period, all the productions of wood of the district within which the offense has been commit- 

 ted, as well as of the district in which the stolen wood has been sold or otherwise disposed of, 

 shall be exhibited by the seller to the authorities of his dwelUng place, on days fixed for such 

 purpose, and no wood or wood productions shall be sold in said districts without a certificate 

 from the said authorities showing the sort, size, number, or measure of the timber, &c., which 

 certificate must first be delivered to the police officials of said district. 



Art. 34. In opening the ground to search for veins of minerals or fossils, care must be 

 taken, as far as possible, to do no injury to the forest growth. Before the digging or trenching 

 is begun the miner must show the written authority from the mining department to the forest 

 officials or wood-owners u,nder which he is about to proceed, that the latter may fully under- 

 stand the precise place where the digging is to be done. No mining operations shall begin 

 Ijefore the compensation which the wood-owner is to receive for diverting his wood land to 

 mining purposes has been fully determined. In every case abandoned openings shall be filled 

 in again by the person who has opened them. 



Art. 35. Making of fires in the woods, or within a distance of 150 paces from the same, 

 may only take place by a strict compliance with the regulations for protecting the forest from 



