164 FORESTRY IN ITALY. 



Art. 18. Private owners who, in woods placed under forest bounds, may violate the regu- 

 lations of the forestal committee referred to in article 4, shall be punished with a fine of not 

 less than double nor more than quadruple the value of the trees or shrubs cut down by them, 

 or of other injury committed. 



Art. 19. Administrators of corporations will be personally liable to the maximum penalty 

 whenever they may be guilty of the offenses specified in the preceding articles, in' addition to 

 any penalties they may have incurred by committing offenses for their personal profit. 



Art. 20. The offenses mentioned in articles 16 and 18, when committed by any one who is 

 not an owner or administrator, will be punished not only with the penalties provided in said 

 articles, but also with the corporal penalties provided by general penal laws, whenever the 

 offenses are such as are provided for in said laws. The punishment for the offenses mentioned 

 in article 16 shall not be less than three-fifths of the maximum; and the punishment for other 

 offenses shall not be less than two-thirds of the injury inflicted, if the offenders are purchasers 

 of woods, tenants of pastures, or other persons having the right to remain in the woods. 



The punishment shall not be less than sextuple if injury shall have been inflicted on the 

 nurseries and gardens of the forestal administration. 



Art. 21. In forestal offenses the valuation of the trees or shrubs cut down, or of the injury 

 inflicted, will be made by the forestal agents in accordance with the rules established in the general 

 regulation for the execution of the present law. The parties interested will have the right to 

 contest the valuation made by the forestal agents in the presence of the judicial authorities. 



In addition to the penalties provided in the preceding articles, the sentence of condemna- 

 tion will order the reparation of injuries in behalf of the person concerned. 



Art. 22. When the offenses mentioned in the present law fall, for whatever reason, under 

 the provisions of general penal law and would be by those severely punished, the penalty 

 therein provided shall be inflicted, but it will never be inflicted for offenses of the lightest 

 grade, except as provided in article 20. 



Art. 23. The fines prescribed in the present law will be, in case they are not paid, com- 

 muted to arrest and imprisonment, according to their amount; the proportion and the limits, 

 respectively, prescribed by the penal code being observed. 



Art. 24. The forestal committee in each province will establish the forestal police regula- 

 tions. 



These regulations will be approved by the provincial council and put into execution by the 

 ministry of agriculture, industry, and commerce, which, at tlie instance of the council of state, 

 will annul such parts of such regulations as may be in conflict with the objects and provisions 

 of the present law and of general laws and regulations. 



FORESTAL ADMI.MSTRATION. 



Art. 26. The cost of maintaining forestal officers and watchmen is charged to the state. 



The cost of the custodians will be charged two-thirds to the communes concerned and the 

 remainder to the province. 



The provincial council, after hearing the forestal committee, will determine the number of 

 guards, the amount of their pay, and the distribution of the expenses. 



Art. 27. Forestal guards are placed on an equality with custom house guards by article 18 

 of the law of May 13, 1862. 



Art. 28. Forestal agents are classed as officers of judicial police by the terms of the penal 

 code of the law of public safety. 



TITLE IV. 



RIGHTS OF USE. 



Art. 29. No rights of use, exceeding the terms of article 521 of the civil code, will be 

 granted in regard to the woods and lands mentioned in article I of the present law. 



