FORESTRY IN ITALY. I 75 



as far as his commune is interested. Not every province has an inspector, 

 as in some the interests are too small. In such cases two or more provinces 

 are grouped together. Italy is thus divided into a certain number of de- 

 partments, at the head of each of which is an inspector of forests. Each 

 department is divided into a certain number of districts, and to each district 

 is assigned a sub-inspector, accountable to the inspector of the department. 

 The forests are protected by a forest police. These latter, on an equality 

 with the revenue guards, are appointed by the prefect of the province, with 

 the advice of the board of forestry. Their number and pay are determined 

 by the provincial council, with the advice of the board of forestry. The ex- 

 pense of maintaining them falls, two-thirds to the communes particularly in- 

 terested, the remaining third to the province as a whole. The members of 

 the board appointed by the provincial and communal councils receive no 

 pay. The salary of the other officials is paid by the general government. 



REVENUES FROM GOVERNMENT FORESTS. 



To illustrate the revenues from the forests of Lombardy I give tables cov- 

 ering the five years ending 1883. I may preface them with the explanation 

 that the forests are divided into three classes : First, those in which the trees 

 are allowed to grow naturally, and the trunks thus attain a certain height 

 and thickness. These I term "highwood forests" (boschidi alto fusto). 

 Second, those in which the trees have been cut close to the ground, and from 

 the stumps shoots allowed to grow. When these attain a certain size, per- 

 mitting of use for firewood, stakes, &c., they are cut and a new lot allowed 

 to grow. There is usually a certain admixture of saplings and underbrush. 

 These forests I term "brushwood" (cedno). Third, mixed forests. 



As the principal products lumber, firewood and charcoal are understood. 

 The secondary products consist of bark, resin, chestnuts, acorns, mushrooms, 

 truffles and the like. 



