FORESTRY IN ITALY. 1 83 



Art. 19. Pasture, where allowed, will be for cows, sheep, horses, and also for hogs, but 

 these latter must have an iron ring fastened to their snouts. Goats in general are not permitted 

 to pasture. Exceptionally, however, goats may be admitted when the lack of grazing lands 

 and the pressing of the people (as recognized by the forest committee) render their admission 

 necessary, and the condition of the forests permit it. 



The forest office of the district, in concert with the local mayors, will make out annually a 

 list of the places where pasture is permitted for goats, and this list, with the approval of the 

 committee, will be published in the commune. 



TITLE V. 



Art. 20. In order to preserve the forests from the danger of fires, they will be kept free 

 from chips, &c., resulting firom the felling of trees and from all dead wood and fallen branches. 



If it be necessary to leave in the forests the wood which has been cut it must be piled up 

 in the empty spaces, and if possible near springs or along streams, or on the sides of roads in 

 their broader parts. 



In case of fire, measures will be taken according to its nature and intensity to extinguish 

 it or at least keep it within the narrowest limits possible. 



In any case, it will be necessary to clear the ground of all wood and combustible material. 

 The earth should be upturned and a belt of forest towards the wind cut down and a broad 

 ditch dug in order to break the continuity and prevent the fire from assuming larger proportions. 



Art. 21. After a fire, if the trees injured by the fire are still capable of growing, the pro- 

 prietor will prune them in order that new shoots may grow from the trunk, and if the trees are 

 damaged to suclj an extent that there is no hope of saving them, and the reafforestation of the 

 bumed areas cannot be expected if left to themselves, it will be the duty of the proprietor (by 

 means of sowing and transplanting) to see that the reafforestation is brought about, and this 

 within a period of two years, entirely or in part, in case the forest committee, considering the 

 extent of the surface bumed over, recognize the necesssity of a longer period than two years 

 for the completion of the work. 



TITLE VI. 

 EXTRACTING RESIN. 



Art. 22. The extraction of resin from trees growing in forests will only be permitted for 

 such trees as have reached their maturity, and have two or three years to wait before their turn 

 to be cut shfU arrive. It will take place in the months of June, July and August. 



Art. 23. Bark-peeling is allowed on trees which are to be cut, and which are no longer 

 capable of being reproduced from the stump. The season for it will be in the spring when 

 the sap begins to rise. 



TIiTLE VII. 



GATHERING OF LEAVES AND SEEDS IN FORESTS, WHICH ARE DETERIORATING, OR ARE TOO 

 SPARSE — MOWING OF GRASS IN YOUNG WOODS. 



Art. 24. In forests which are deteriorating or too sparse, the leaves falling from the trees 

 may be gathered at intervals of not less than two years. For this purpose, the forest, if its 

 extent permits, will be divided into sections, so that one may be used each year. 



The leaves will be collected with brooms or wooden rakes, and the parties interested will 

 be held responsible for whatever damage may be done by breaking off or any way injuring 

 young trees which would otherwise have grown. 



Art. 25 . In the above-mentioned forests it will always be permitted to gather chestnuts, 

 walnuts and the like, and also the seed ; but these last only at intervals of two years, and where 

 it is evident that they would otherwise be lost without any advantage to the forest, or where 

 the proprietor shall have taken artificial measures for the improvement of the forest. 



