FORESTRY IN ITALY. 1 85 



recognizing the necessity, may grant it, in which case the prolongation will also hold good for 

 the future. Also in the case of oak brushwood the time for cutting may be extended to the 

 middle of May, in order to admit of the removal of the bark. 



TITLE XI. 

 PASTURE. 



Art. 33. Pasture in brushwoods will be permitted when the shoots have reached such a 

 height that the terminal buds are no longer in danger of being bitten off by the animals 

 feeding, wherever they may stand. For the rest, the rules prescribed for highwood forest will 

 also apply here, including that which refers to the species of self-movers. 



In woods consisting entirely of rhododendrons, or of mountain elders, as well as those 

 containing some admixture of shrubbery, the pasture of goats also will be permitted. 



TITLE XII. 



CHARCOAL KILNS. 



Art. 34. Charcoal kilns shall be constructed in open spaces already existing, providing 

 these are not near brushwood. In the case that new grounds are to be selected for this pur- 

 pose, places free from plants and not near such, preferably on the edge of forests, near roads 

 for the transport of the charcoal, in a position sheltered from the winds, and if possible near 

 springs or water-courses. 



• TITLE XIII. 



PREPARATION OF POTASH. 



Art. 35. For the preparation of potash by the method of free combustion, a place shall 

 be selected outside of the forest and as sheltered as possible from the wind and near water- 

 courses. 



TITLE XIV. 



TRANSPORTATION OF WOOD AND CHARCOAL FROM THE FOREST. 



Art. 36. Wood and charcoal will be transported from the forests along roads already in 

 existence and care shall be taken not to injure the trees or distrub the surface of the land and 

 all crossing in through tracts of new growth or in reproduction shall be avoided. 

 ' Where special circumstances render it necessary to open new roads, the route shall be 

 selected so as do to the least possible damage to the forest, and the parties concerned will be 

 required, as soon as the roads are no longer necessary, to restore the land to its original condi- 

 tion and secure by artificial measures its reafforestation, except where it may be found conve- 

 nient to keep the road for future use. It shall be the duty of the forest committee to deter- 

 mine when such new roads are necessary, as well as whether it is advisable to keep them or 

 destroy them, and in the latter case, to fix the time within which the restoring of the land to 

 its original condition and securing the reafforestation shall be accomplished. 



TITLE XV. 

 REGULATIONS FOR MIXED FORESTS. 



Art. 37. At the time for cutting the underbrush, all such highwood trees as are deterior- 

 ating, stunted in growth, weak, defective, and in general such as no longer have useful growth, 

 shall be likewise felled. Also other trees, which in spite of rational pruning of the branches, 

 cast too much shade and thus interfere with the normal development of the underbrush, shall 

 be included. In this case, the preference will fall upon the older trees, those which disturb 

 the uniformity, the less valuable and likewise the less thriving trees among those of the same 

 age. As a rule, the aim will be to preserve in a forest and as far as possible in equal number 

 all the gradations in age from the underbrush to the trees growing from seed which have 

 reached their maturity and will be the next to be cut. 



