FORESTRY IN ITALY. 193 



Art. 7. The admission and feeding of goats is forbidden in all woods. They are limited 

 to rocky and uncultured lands, or those covered with useless shrubs where they cannot do any 

 mischief. 



Art. 8. Other animals may be admitted to feed in woods when the young plants have 

 arrived at such a size that they cannot be 'hurt either by their teeth or their feet. 



Art. 9. When a fire breaks out in woods it must be isolated by felling trees and by break- 

 ing up the land on the lee side for a space of not less than 20 meters, as well as adopting all 

 means possible for extinguishing it, and for making sure it is not left smouldering under the 

 ashes. 



Art. 10. After a fire the owner of a wood is bound to restore it by trimming those trees 

 which, though injured by the fire, have yet life in them, and by sowing and planting to replace 

 those which have been destroyed. The proprietor is allowed two years from the time of the 

 fire, after the lapse of which, if he has not done this, it is regarded as an improper destruc- 

 tion of wood, liable to the penalties prescribed by the forest laws ; except when the commit- 

 tee, in consideration of the acreage burnt, and the circumstances of the owner, consider that 

 a futher period should be allowed for the completion of the work. 



BARKING OF TREES AND EXTRACTION OF RESIN. 



Art. II. Standing timber trees, whether they be leafy or resinous and ligneous, may only 

 be barked when they are destined for cutting in the approaching season. Leafy trees may only 

 be barked in the months of July and August, immediately preceding the cutting. For resinous 

 or ligneous trees the owner may bark them at such times as he may consider it most profitable. 

 Irmuediately after the felling of trees they must be taken out of the wood, so that the insects 

 which are formed in them may not attack the growing trees. The same care must be taken 

 to remove the separated bark. 



Art. 12. Resin must only be extracted from full grown trees and of considerable size and 

 that from April to the end of August. 



COLLECTION OF LEAVES, SEEDS AND GRASS. 



Art. 13. The gathering of dried leaves and the cutting of grass in the case of old and 

 decaying woods, or those which are poor in young growth, are only permitted at fixed periods 

 of not less than four full years and that without any iron tool. 



Art. 14. Grass may be mown in new woods or in those abundant in young growth in the 

 fifth year of the age of the young plants and only with small hand-sickles. 



OF INJURIOUS INSECTS. 



Art. 15. To prevent the diffiision of insects, injurious to woods, proprietors are bound to 

 clear away all rotten wood lying on the ground, as well as old decaying stumps. As soon as 

 insects make their appearance, means must be taken to prevent their increase, either by beat- 

 ing down with poles the eggs, grubs and nests from infected plants, or else by lighting fires or 

 burning sulphur under them at night. They should be gathered and burnt outside the wood. 

 If these means fail, the prefect, with the consent of the forest officer, should hasten to see that 

 tlie infected trees are felled, taken out of the wood and carbonized. 



Art. 16. As soon as any such insects make their appearance, the proprietor of the wood 

 is bound to inform the local syndic and the district officer of the forest. These in their turn 

 will inform the forest inspector and the prefect of the province, so that the most efficacious 

 means may be put in operation to prevent their diffusion. FaiUng to give the said information 

 the proprietor is responsible for the injury that may occur to his neighbor's property. 

 E. F.— 14 



