2o8 FORESTRY IN SWITZERLAND. 



25. All cultivable barrens, as well as all clearings devoid of adequate natural growth, shall 

 be promptly replanted. 



26. In central forests the upper branches are to be kept up, with a view to promoting their 

 growth as well as circumstances will pemlit, and upon the special recommendation of the for- 

 estmaster. 



27. The irregular chopping down of trees all through a forest is, in the larger forests, 

 where chopping is possible, only permitted in exceptional cases and when circumstances ren- 

 der it necessary ; otherwise it is entirely prohibited. The establishment of barren clearings is 

 also prohibited when it endangers the safety of the ground or tends to climatic disadvantages. 



28. All clearings, unless special circumstances suggest a deviation from the rule, are to 

 be made as nearly as possible in unbroken parallel lines, and in such a manner that the trees 

 left standing shall be best protected from damage by wind. 



29. In sown spots and clearings on steep mountain slopes, where there is a fear of land- 

 slides, stumps shall not be dug out without consent of the forestmaster. 



30. The regulation concerning the immediate replanting of cultivable barrels and insuffi- 

 ^ ciently planted clearings, as well as the prohibition against barren clearings and digging out 



of stumps, applies also to such private forests the digging up or clearing of which might entail 

 consequences of common danger, such as loosening of the earth, &c. The owner of such a 

 forest is, moreover, bound to establish and maintain a proper system of drainage. 



31. The removal of weeds and rotten wood and the trimming up of the forest must, under 

 all circumstances, be done as soon and as often as necessary, in order, through the former, to 

 diminish the hindrances to the growth of the wood, and, through the latter, to avoid injurious 

 pressure upon the growth of the principal trees. 



32. Thinning out must be confined to the removal of dead branches, and to such parts of 

 the branches as exert an injurious effect upon the front and upper growth. 



33. As osier twigs only the following are to be, cut, viz : 

 (3) Willow, hazel and other twigs from young forests. 



((5) Bent trees of all kinds, not over six years old in lower or twelve years old in upper forests. 

 The cutting shall be done under police supervision, as prescribed in article 59. 



34. Cuttings for pine brooms shall only be taken from the loose wood from the clearing 

 and trimming of the forest. It is forbidden to take cuttings for birch brooms from the upper 

 boughs or outside of wood coming from clearing and trimming. 



35. The pursuit of kindred forest uses (pasturage, leaf-gathering, &c.) is only followed 

 under the conditions provided in articles 58 and 61-67. This should at no time involve any 

 risk to the wood yield. 



B. — Special regulations concerning cantonal forests. 



36. Plans for the cultivation of cantonal forests must be based upon a carefiil estimate of 

 their yield. 



37. The sale of forest products shall generally be conducted at public auctions, according 

 to rules prescribed by the direction of finance. 



C. — Special regulations concerning township and corporation forests. 



38. Township and corporation forests shall be maintained as prescribed in article 23. The 

 plans for such a maintenance, which will be prepared by the district forcstmasters, with a view 

 to the requirements of the owners interested and on the basis of a previous survey, are, after 

 acceptance by the boards of overseers and examination by the overforester, subject to approval 

 by the direction of the interior. 



39. The canton contributes a sum not to exceed one-half of the regular tariff cost toward 

 the expense of surveys ordered by the direction of the interior for forestry purposes, provided 

 such surveys are carried out as required by law. The expense of any subsequent surveys which 

 may be necessitated by changes of area or revision oT boundaries is borne by the owner. 



