2IO FORESTRY IN SWITZERLAND. 



report it to th^ forestmaster. It is the latter's duty, through the township authorities, to have 

 it removed outside of the clearing, and in case it be coniferous wood to strip it of bark and 

 have the bark burned. The expense in such case shall be borne entirely by the proprietor of 

 the forest and the owner of the timber. 



50. Exceptions to article 49 may be allowed as follows: 

 (a) In forests as enumerated in article 48. 



(i) When local circumstances render the removal of the timber impossible. 



In such cases the timber shall be removed as soon as it becomes possible, or at all events 

 shall be placed on the road for removal, and the bark stripped from the coniferous wood and 

 either carried away or burned. 



C. — Measures against fires. 



51. No fire shall be kindled in forests, or in their immediate neighborhood, or in any peat- 

 bed adjacent to one, without ■■• permit from the local police, who shall provide the proper 

 measures for safety. 



52. Exceptions may, however, be made to the foregoing paragraph when no wind is blow- 

 ing, in the following cases, viz.: 



1 . The wood-chopper's fire in the clearing marked out for him. Choppers shall light tlieir 

 fires in spots where there is no danger, and shall therefore first remove all inflammable objects; 

 they shall also on going away totally extinguish the fire. 



2. The fire for burning roots, singeing, moth-burning, &c., preparatory to field or forest 

 cultivation. In such cases it is directed that — 



{a) A flame-fire shall not be used in the forest, but that, in rendering the barrens arable, 

 the upper surface be raked over, collected in heaps, and carefully burned. 



(b') In burning over opens, fields and farms adjoining forests, an intervening space of at 

 least 10 paces shall be dug up and a requisite number of workmen be kept constantly at hand 

 to extinguish the fire in case it exceeds its bounds. 



53. Charcoal burning, and ash buming,vshall only be carried on upon spots designated by 

 the forestmaster. 



D. — Measures against insects. 



54. Foresters are required to be watchful for any signs of nest-building by insects hurtful 

 to wood, and on discovering any such, either within or without their respective districts, to 

 report the same to the owner of the forest, £ind to the forestmaster, whereupon the latter shall 

 without delay take the necessary measures. 



Likewise, township and corporation overseers, as well as private forest owners, are obliged 

 to report promptly to the forestmaster any injuries by insects coming to their notice, and are 

 held in all cases to an unconditional compliance with tlie measures decreed by the forestry 

 authorities for protection against damages by insects. Forestmasters shall, as far as possible, 

 instruct foresters in regard to indications of the presence of hurtful insects, and the means of 

 destroying the same. 



55. Forest owners are required to remove immediately all breakages by vdnd or snow, and 

 diseased or withered coniferous boughs, and to dig up or at least strip of bark the coniferous 

 stumps. 



E. — Regulations concerning the uses of forests. 



56. The dressing of timber and the putting together of buildings on clearings is forbidden 

 where there is any aftergrowth, or where a renewal of growth is delayed thereby. 



57. The felling, working, or removal of forest products before day, after nightfall, or on 

 Sundays and holidays, is forbidden. 



58. The barking of standing trunks or poles in middle or lower forest clearings is forbiddeu. 



59. The chopping of osier twigs can only be performed in such manner as shall be pre- 

 scribed by the overseers in accordance with article 33, and on fixed days under the superin- 

 tendence of the overseers asiA. the foresters. 



