FORESTRY IN SWITZERLAND. 2 I I 



60. The gathering of chips and waste-wood (in the absence of other lawfully founded 

 regulations) shall only be performed under the following limitations, viz.: 



(a) Chips and waste-wood only include wood of less than two inches in diameter which 

 has died from natural causes, or which remains lying on the ground after the clearing has 

 been entirely completed. 



(6) The gathering of chips and waste-wood is consequently not permitted in clearings 

 or where tlie forest has been trimmed, or m places damaged by wind, snow, and ice, until the 

 material not coming under the head of chip and waste-wood has first been removed. 



(<:) The bringing of tools of any kind whatever, the breaking down of standing poles, and 

 the breaking or tearing off of branches of trees is forbidden. 



(ti) No gathering shall take place save at the days and hours designated by the forest 

 owner. 



((?) The gatherer shall collect only as many chips as he desires to carry home. The 

 removal of chips in carts, as well as the sale of wood so gathered, is forbidden. 



61. WJiere forest pasturage still exists it shall be subject to the following conditions, viz.: 

 (a) Sheep, goats, and horses are to be entirely excluded therefrom. 



(i) It can only be allowed under the supervision of a herdsman. 



(c) Growths of saplings, clearings, woods under cultivation, and coppices must be protected 

 from the driving in of pasture cattle, so long as danger of damage to the growth is to be 

 apprehended therefrom. 



(d) The driving in of cattle after sundown or before sunrise is forbidden. 



62. The gathering of grass and litter outside of existing forest roads and paths, or of the 

 barrens, is only permitted by special consent of the forestmaster and under the following 

 limitations, viz.: 



(«) The use of a scythe in gathering grass, save on the barrens and highways, is forbidden. 



(i) The gathering of leaves, fallen pine needles, and moss is entirely forbidden on sunny 

 sides, steep slopes, and thin ground. It must not be undertaken in high situated, leaf-bearing 

 forests before the fourteenth year of their growth, in coniferous forests before their thirteenth 

 year, nor in the middle and lower forests before the twelfth year ; and in all cases it must be dis- 

 continued again three years before the time for chopping. Litter shall only be gathered in any 

 forest once in every three years. The use of other utensils than wooden rakes and loose 

 brooms is forbidden. 



(c) The cutting of heath and bilberry herbs can only take place by consent of the forest- 

 master and according to his instructions. 



((/) Pruned leaves shall not be taken from standing trees. 



(e) Litter, when gathered, shall not be removed from the forest in carts, but must be carried 

 by hand to the highway. 



63. Alternate use for agricultural purposes can only be permitted on dry clearings devoid 

 of after-growth, and only there when the ground is very dry and lacking in moisture. It shall 

 not continue for longer than two years without an alternate interval of tree planting, and the 

 digging over must be done immediately m the following year. 



64. The extraction of resin is only permissible in forests which are to be cleared within 

 the ensuing three years. 



65. The gatliering of acorns and beechnuts when they are required for natural sowing, that 

 is, in forests which have been taken in hand for renewal. Such rights are limited to picking 

 up acorns and beechnuts that have fallen off in the natural way. 



66. The gathering of forest berries in sown and planted lands under five years old is 

 forbidden. 



67. The forestmaster' s consent is necessary to the opening of quarries of clay, sand and 

 gravel pits, and peat beds within the forests; and he shall, in important cases, procure an 

 order therefor from the overforester. 



68. Annulled. 



