242 FORESTRY IN SWITZERLAND. 



circumstances or in consequence of unauthorized use, the deficiency in yield proves excessive, 

 such abnormal lack in wood-supply must be made up in subsequent years. 



Art. 17. For forests in which at first no definite plan of cultivation can be introduced, 

 there shall be fixed, during the first five years during which the present law is in force, a yearly 

 estimate of yield by means of temporary cultivation, and measures shall be taken for the use, 

 replanting, and care of the same. 



Art. 18. The regulating of the use of wood from private forests pertains to the several 

 cantons, subject to the provisions of this law. 



Art. ig. It shall be the duty of the cantonal governments to adopt all measures of culti- 

 vation and safety necessary to maintain the protective forests (art. 3), and to insure the object 

 for which they are established. 



Art. 20. In these forests the usual pursuits kindred to forest culture, viz., the pasturage of 

 cattle and the gathering of leaves are to be kept within certain limits, or, at times, suspended 

 or entirely discontinued. The full or conditional following of these pursuits shall be regulated 

 in accordance with the requirements of proper cultivation. ' 



Art. 21. Tracts of land, through the planting of which protective forests of any con- 

 siderable value can be obtained, shall be so planted upon the demand of either the cantonal 

 government or the federal council. Of the expense of the first planting and of the subse- 

 quent improvements, which, within the first four years after the setting off of the forest, shall, 

 in the opinion of the national council and without fault of the ovmer of the forest, become 

 necessary, a share shall be borne by the canton and by the federal government. 



Art. 22. In case the land to be planted belongs to a private individual, the canton is en- 

 titled, and, if the owner request it, obliged to demand a transfer of the same, with payment 

 of full indemnification, under the provisions of the national law pertaining to obligations con- 

 nected with the transfer of private rights, dated May I, 1850. 



V. — Conlributions by the National Government. 



Art. 23. The national government shall contribute to maintaining the courses of instruc- 

 tion provided for in article 9, and shall arrange jointly with the cantonal authorities for the 

 establishment of the same. 



Art. 24. The national government shall further contribute to (l) new forests (articles 21 

 and 22), (2) planting of trees in protective forests (article 4) in so far as the same are (a) of 

 great importance as a means of protection against danger to land, and more especially when 

 in connection with protective constructions ( Verl/auungen), £md (Ji) when effected under great 

 difficulties. 



Art. 25. The national council fixes the amount to be contributed vrith regard to the budget, 

 and within maximum and minimum limits, as follows, viz : 



1. For the establishment of new forests (article 24, figs. I and 2), from 30 to 70 per cent, 

 on the actual cost. 



2. For the planting provided for under fig. 2 of the same article, from 20 to 50 per cent. 



These amounts, however, will be paid over to the cantons only for new inclosures of pro- 

 tective forests, according to article 24, fig. i. The contributions are not to be paid over to the 

 cantonal government by the national council until the latter is assured by a report from the 

 federal inspector of forests that the work has been performed as described, and correctly charged 

 for. 



Art. 26. With reference to contributions, the cantonal government assumes an obligation 

 to the national government to protect and care for the new plantings and to provide for sub- 

 sequent improvements. 



