FORESTRY IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 257 



The control of these domains is divided among seven directories 

 {directionen). The subdivision for the purposes of management and protec- 

 tion comprises 19 inspection districts {inspections-bezirke), 178 management 

 districts (verwaliungs-bezirke), 714 protection districts {schutz-bezirke). 



In Bohemia there is no "directory" of government domains, their ex- 

 tent being, as before stated, very small, namely, 5,919.5 hectares of land, 

 the management of which stands under the direct control of the ministry of 

 agriculture. 



1. Every manager, called forster or oberforster (ioresttv, chief forester), 

 has a defined district or riding intrusted to his independent management, 

 subject, however, to definite rules and instructions. He has an assistant 

 (^forstgehilfe), whose appointment is temporary. 



Every manager has the requisite number of forest keepers or wood-wards 

 {forstwarte) with a permanent tenure of office, and entitled to pension as 

 other government officials. Their principal duty is the protection of the 

 forests against trespass and damage. Their functions are minutely laid down 

 in the service regulations. 



In case of necessity temporary overseers of forests are appointed in addi- 

 tion to the permanent officers. 



The financial branch of the managernent is in charge of« the bureau of 

 accounts of the respective domain. 



2. The supreme management is vested in the ministry of agriculture, 

 which for that purpose has a department of technical forestry. This is com- 

 posed of the chief forester {oberlandforstmeister), two forest councillors 

 {forstrdthe), and the necessary number of expert assistants regularly edu- 

 cated in technical forestry. 



The main functions of the department of technical forestry are as follows : 



1. The revision of all arrangements concerning the management of forests. 



2. The organization of the service and laying down of instructions. 



3. The continuous control of the technical treatment of the forests; the 

 examination of periodic schemes, and of the scale of prices of the products. 



4. The regulation of wages; assistance in negotiations for the sale of 

 products, &c. 



5. The control and supervision of the doings of all subordinate forest 

 officers; inquiry into their qualifications; recommendations for appointment 

 and promotion, which are made by the chief of the technical department in 

 a mixed committee presided over by the minister. 



COSTS AND PROFITS OF FOREST CULTIVATION. 



The felling period of pine forests on large domains is 80 and 100 years ; 

 elsewhere it is lowered to 70 and 60 years. Leaved forests in small parcels 

 are felled in 20 to 30 years. 



Some thirty years ago Dr. Stamm made a general statistical investigation 

 into the costs and profits of forest culture in Bohemia. He found the total 

 annual yield of the forest lands to be 16,826,000 florins. 



E. F. 18 



