FORESTRY IN FRANCE. 273, 



tration pursues the course of perpetuating its forests by the natural growth, 

 and by judicious thinning out. When, from any cause, this natural growth 

 does not succeed, other means are resorted to, such as forming nurseries in 

 the clearings. 



The subject of forest culture has received much attention and been ably 

 treated by a work entitled, "Manual of Sylviculture," by Bagneris, professor 

 in the school of forestry at Nancy, to which I would refer those seeking further 

 information, which does not come within the scope of this article. This work 

 points out the different processes pursued. There are no forestry schools in 

 this consular district. 



Forestry instruction in France dates from the year 1825. The schoql at 

 Nancy was established by royal command, dated August 24, 1824. Three 

 years later, in 1827, when the forestry code was promulgated, other schools 

 for the instruction of candidates for keepers were authorized. Their organi- 

 zation was, however, deferred, and we find in 1863 one established at Villers- 

 Cotterets, one at Toulouse, and one at Grenoble. 



These were not for the instruction of superintendents, but those of a lower 

 grade. 



It was only in 1873 that a school for the instruction of the higher oiEcers 

 was established at Barre-Loist. 



The forestry guard are recruited from among the lower grade of army 

 officers, or the sons of superintendents or other employes. 



The men must be between the ages of twenty-five and thirty-five years, be 

 able to read, write, and cipher, and are subjected to an examination which is 

 by no means rigid. 



I have here followed out the details of the Rouen reserve; that of No. 

 7 at Amiens, also in this consular district, is in much the same proportion, 

 and the figures appear in the tables herewith appended. 



I give herewith, as requested, the names of three reliable nursery men, who 

 could fill any orders for trees : 



Mr. Charles Wood, No. 6, Rue Sablee, Rouen; Graine, jr., 27 Rue de 

 Sbtteville, Rouen; Duboc, 68 Rue Verte, Rouen. 



In cutting out dead trees, thinning out, or trimming living trees, not an 

 atom is wasted. The wood is sorted according to size, cut into lengths, and 

 bundled, and is thus sold to bakers, founders, hotels, and private houses. 

 Every twig, though no larger than a knitting needle, is saved, cut into lengths 

 of six or eight inches, bundled and sold for kindlings. The pine cones all are 

 gathered, dryed, and sold for kindling fires. There is no manufacture of 

 kindling wood, as in so many cities in the United States, but these small 

 faggots and cones are used instead. To see the care bestowed upon these 

 seemingly small items is a striking commentary on the wasteful methods pur- 

 sued by Americans in the wholesale destruction of timber. 



E. F. 19 



