IDENTITY OF AMERICAN AND FRENCH SPOROTRICHOSIS 111 
SPOROTRICHOSIS IN FRANCE 
In France the history of this disease begins with the report 
of a case by de Beurmann and Gougerot in 1903. Apparently 
they completely overlooked the work of the American in- 
vestigators published several years earlier and thinking they 
had discovered a new organism they submitted it to Matruchot 
and Ramond who identified it as a sporothrix and in 1905, 
in a note to the Biological Society of Paris, named it Sporo- 
trichum beurmannt, A second case was observed in France 
in 1906 by de Beurmann and Gougerot and later they identified 
other cases and made numerous extensive and admirable 
studies on all phases of the disease.1?, New cases rapidly ac- 
cumulated in the French literature and it was soon evident 
that the disease in that country was not rare. It was observed 
also in the dog and the horse, the organisms being identical 
with that from the human. It is to be noted that not until 
1906 did the French learn of the American cases and of the 
Sporothrix schenckii. French workers generally contend that 
the Sporotrichum beurmanni is different from the Sporothrix 
schencku. 
SPOROTRICHOSIS IN SouUTH AMERICA 
In 1907 Lutz and Splendore™* in San Paulo in Brazil were 
the first workers to recognize spontaneous sporotrichosis in 
lower animals. They observed the disease in both gray and 
white rats. They also reported five human cases from the 
same locality. They noted that the disease in rats was 
transmitted through bite wounds usually on the extrem- 
ities or tail and following an initial lesion a generalized 
infection would result. Transmission from the rat to man, 
while probable, was not demonstrated. These studies, it 
should be noted, were made independently, the work of Ameri- 
ean and French investigators not being known to them until 
some time later. The organism as described by them cor- 
22 De Beurmann et Gougerot, Les Sporotrichoses, Paris, 1912. 
18 Cent. fiir Bact., 45, p. 631, 1907. 
