Calamus.] ctxiii. PALMEiis. (Beccari & Hook, f.) 441 



^t. by f^2 in. ; petiole and rachis pale, smooth, except for the spines ; sheaths 

 very strongly armed. Male spadix slender, branched, fern, much stouter and 

 shorter. Lower spathes elongate, tubular, compressed, strongly armed, upper short, 

 lacerate ; spathels densely imbricate, scurfy, truncate, often lacerate, j'rmf 1 in. 

 stipitate by the erect perianth ; scales i in. long and broad, flat, thin, yellowish 

 with a very broad lunate brown band across the middle and fimbriate margins (the 

 whole fruit banded like a tiger-skin). — Griffith describes longisetus as erect, and 

 Kurz iigrimis as scandent. 



7. C. Tliwaitesii, Secc. ; differs from 0. longisetus in the raohis of 

 the petiole bearing very stout recurved claws with black tips, the upper 

 spathes bearing scattered spinesoent tubercles, and in the smaller fruits 

 with fewer paler tumid scales erose or the margin channelled down the 

 centre and with a narrow brown marginal band. 0. longisetus, Thw. 

 Enum. 330 {not of Griff.). 



Ceylon ; in the Central Province, Thwaites. Canaba, Mitchie, Talbot. 

 A Canara plant collected by Ritchie and Talbot, probably belongs here, the 

 fruit is exactly similar to that of the Ceylon plant. 



ttt Scandent, slender. Leaf-sheaths flagelliferous. Spikelets short, 

 scorpioid. 



8. C. leptospadiXj Griff, in Oalc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 49 ; Palms 

 Brit. Ind. 60, t. 194 A, B, C ; leaflets very many close-set narrowly linear 

 acuminate, margin and sometimes the 3 costse beneath setulose or aculeo- 

 late, petiole terete and scurfy raohis with distant straight flattened 

 spines and a few short claws at the base, sheath short scurfy sparingly 

 armed, spadices very long slender pendulous, with very many distichous 

 short recurved spines, lower spathes long slender densely armed with flat 

 •thin spikes and minute recurved ones upper shorter unarmed, flowers small, 

 fruit small globose mucronate. Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 336, f. ii. ; 

 Walp. Ann. iii. 486 ; v. 483. T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. 8oe. xi. 8. 



SiKKiM Himalaya, J. Z). H"., &c. J Khasia Hills, Griffith, &c.; Munkipoee 

 and Maga Hills, Watt. 



Stem slender, scandent. Leaves 3-4 ft. ; leaflets 8-10 by i-J in., thin, pale 

 green ; rachis armed with simple recurved spines. Spathes very slender, tubular. 

 Spadices several feet long, branched, below and armed with hooked short spines, 

 branches very long and slender, with 20-40 recurved spikelets -J-l in. long, and i in. 

 diam. ; flagellum of spadix very long, armed with 1-3-fid recurved claws. Spathels 

 cupular, acute membranous. Male fl. i in. long ; calyx 3-fid to the middle ; petals 

 twice as long. JEVuit i in. diam., subtended by the spreading perianth ; scales very 

 small, broad, yellow with a red-brown margin. 



9. C. rivalis, Thw. ex Trimen in Journ. Pot. xxiii. (1885), 268; {Hrr. 

 typ. nivalis) ; habit of C. leptospadix, leaflets numerous equidistant 

 linear-lanceolate setulose on the margins and three costse beneath, sheaths 

 copiously armed with straight flat pale spines, rachis with recurved ones, 

 spadices very long slender armed with short recurved spines and ter- 

 minated by a clawed flagellum, spikes very many short distant recurved, 

 lower spathes or all armed with very short prickles, fruit small ovoid 

 beaked. 0. rudentuni. Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 340 (non Lour.). 



Ceylon ; Walker, &c. 



Leaves about 3 ft long, leaflets 12-18 by i-| in., broader and more coriaceous than 

 in C longiseUs; rachis scurfy, Spathels very obliquely cup-shaped, coriaceous. 

 Male fl. crowded, calyx trifid to the middle. JPetals and stamens stipitate. Mm. A. 



