.Cyperus.] olxxii. otpbeaoej!. (C. B. Clarke.) 599 



length of glume (muoro excluded) otherwise as C. castaneus. Kunth JEnum. 

 ii. 22 ; BoecTc. in Linnsea, xxxv. 496 ; G. B. Clarhe m Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 

 284, and xxi. 88, and xxv. 80 ; Trimen Cat. PI. Ceylon, 100. C. angnsti- 

 ioMxt&, Ham. ms.; Wall. Oat. 3376 [mainly); Nees in Wight Oonfrib. 79; 

 Kunth Mium. ii. 21. C. castaneus, Mance in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 130 ; 

 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. m.. 261 ("forma Sundaioa"). G . soluWs, Stewd. Syn. 

 Cyp. 14 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 268. 



Throughout India; from Kashmib and Assam to Ceylon and PENANa. — 

 DiBTBiB. All warm regions. 



The older botanists referred the chestnut-colrd. examples to C. castaneus, the ferru- 

 ginous-brown to 0. cuspidatus, and these are the prevalent colours of the spikelets. 

 But the colour varies in both, and Boeekeler has distinguished them by the nut 

 (which is broader upwards in C. cuspidatus) tolerably satisfactorily. C. cuspidatus 

 is a very common plant, C. castaneus a rare one. 



Sect. 3. Lifformes. Small or middle-sized, annuals or hiennials ; 

 rhizome 0, or in C. Haspan creeping. Leaves and bracts moderately long, 

 narrow, weak. Inflorescence umbellate, sometimes reduced to a single 

 head. Spikelets small, numerous. Glumes scarcely cuspidate. (Sp. 6- 



6. C> fuscus, Lin/n. Sp. PI. 69 ; annual, small, umbel simple com- 

 pound or reduced to a head, spikes clustered small linear- oblong, nut ellip- 

 soid triquetrous apiculate f-f length of glume. Most Gratn. Austr. ii. 49, 

 t. 73 ; Kunth Unum. ii. 87 ; BoecJc in Linnxa, xxxv. 585 ; C. B. ClarJce in 

 Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 135 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, v. 370. 



Kashmie and N.W. Himalaya, alt. 6000 fb., Thomson, &a. — Disteib. West- 

 ward to Britain. 



Glabrous. Stems caespitose, 2-16 in., weak. Leaves longer or shorter than 

 stem, J-J in. broad, grass-like. Rat/s of umbel often 1-li in., sometimes much 

 longer ; bracts usually exceeding inflorescence. Spikes ^-i in. in diam. Spihelets 

 5-15, i~i by Jj in., 16-36-fld., often reddish. Qlumes boat-shaped, ovate, scarcely 

 mucronate. Stamens usually 2 ; anthers oblong, obtuse. Nut equally or unequally 

 triquetrous, pale brown. Style much shorter than nut, deciduous ; branches 

 linear. 



7. C> difformls, Liwn. 8p.Pl. 67; annual, middle-sized, umbel simple 

 compound or reduced to 1 head, spikelets very small linear-oblong most 

 densely crowded, glumes obovate truncate,' nut broad ellipsoid nearly as 

 long as glume. Sotth. Bescr. et Ic. 24, t. 9, fig. 2 ; Boxh. Fl.Ind. i. 195; 

 Nees in Wight Gontrib. 88 ; KvMth Enwm. ii. 38 ; Balz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 

 282 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 269 ; BoeeJc. in Linnsea, xxxv. 586 ; Thw. Enum. 

 344 ; King in, E. J. Atkinson Gaz. i. (1876) 823 ; Poiss. Fl. Orient, v. 

 370 ; C. B. Glarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 290, and xxi. 133. C. Goeringii, 

 Steud. Syn. Cyp. 24; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 271.— Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 3363 

 {maAnly). 



Throughout India, alt. 0-8000 ft., universal throughout the Old World in rice- 

 fields; Mexico (introduced P). 



Glabrous. Stems 4-20 in., acutely triquetrous at top. Leaves usually somewhat 

 shorter than stem, J-i in. broad, flaccid. TJmbel usually contracted, rays up to 2 in., 

 sometimes much larger ; bracts 2-10 in., lowest often suberect (i.e. umbel lateral). 

 Spihes J-i in. in diam., globose. Spikelets \-^ by -J^ in., somewhat turgid, 10- 

 30-fld. Glumes close-packed, concave, very obtuse, straw-colrd., sides more or less ' 

 red. Stamen 1, rarely 2 ; anther small, oblong, muticous. Nut subsessile, sub- 

 equally trigonous, pale-brown ; style much shorter than nut, branches linear short. 



