680 OLXXii. CYPBRAOE^. (C. B. Clarke.) [Hrjpohjtrum. 



woody horizontal rhizome. Stem trigonous, nearly smooth, with few leaves upwards. 

 Leaves often as long as stem, i in. broad, gradually narrowed at both ends ; margins 

 scabrous. Corymb IJ in. diam., with 12-20 spikes j bracts often 6 in., resembling 

 the leaves. Spikes i in., ellipsoid, dirty straw-colrd. Bract'eoles (glumes) ovate, 

 striate, falling with nuts. Lateral third glume to spikelet monandrous or sterile. 

 Nut scarcely J^ in., subglobose, olivaceous, wrinkled. 



22. TKORACOSTACKWnZ, Kurz. 



Leaves flat, 3-nerved, narrowed gradually at each end. Spikes panioled, 

 branches rigid ; bracts long, like the leaves. Spikelets small, with usually 

 4 glumes (of which lowest sometimes monandrous) interposed between the 

 two opposite navicular basal male fl. and the terminal pistil. 8ti/le 3- fid. 

 .Wat osseous, shining ; beak conic acute (not seen in T. hypolytroides). — 

 Species 5, in Ceylon, Seychelles, Malaya, Australia. 



1. T. bancanum, Kurz in Tydsch. Nat. Vereen. Ned. Ind. xxvii. 286, 

 and in Bot. Zeit. xxiii. (1865), 204 {Thoraoostacliys, name only) and m 

 Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxviii. pt. ii. 76 ; stem 1 J-3 ft., corymb rigid, spikes 

 short ellipsoid, style 3-fid, nut shining testaceous with 3 longitudinal 

 grooves in its conical top. Lepironia bancana, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 

 604 and III. Fl. Archip. Ind. 63. Hypolytrum borneense, Kurz in Journ. 

 As. Soc. Beng. xxxviii. pt. ii. 74 ; Mig. III. Fl. Archip. Ind. 59. Mapania 

 bancana, JBenth. & Rook.f. Gen. PI. iii. 1055. — Hypolytrum, Wall. Oat. 

 3401, 3404 B.— Cyperus, Wall. Oaf. 3371 B (partly). 



SiNGAPOEE; Wallich, Riiley. Malacca j Qriffith (Kew Distrib. 6273). — 

 DisTKiB. Malaya. 



Stolons slender, hardening into a woody rhizome. Stem scabrous at top, remotely 

 (or not) leaf -bearing upwards. Leaves often as long as stem, ■§ in. broad ; margins (at 

 least near tip's) scabrous.- Corymb 1-2 in. diam., with sometimes 50 spikes ; bracts 

 often 6 in., leaf-like. Spikes ^ in. diam., ultimately j in., beaks of persistent nuts 

 spreading on all sides. Bracteoles hardly -jL in., ovate, obtuse, striate, horny. Nut 

 about jL in., beak none, or rather completely fused with nut ; grooves very narrowly 

 spatliulate. 



Var. longispica ; spikes J in. oblong smutted, nuts perfect — Malacca; Griffith, 

 KetD Distrib. n. 6357). — The abnormal elongation of the spikes is supposed due to 

 the JJstilago. 



2. T. hypolytroides, 0. B. Clarke; very large, panicle large de- 

 compound with 800 spikes, glumes (bracteoles) membranous elliptic, 4 

 glumes intercalated between two basal male fl. and pistil, style 3-fid. 

 Hypolytrum Pandanophyllum and Pandanophyllum hypolytroides, F. 

 Muell. Fragm. ix. 16. Mapania hypolytroides, Benih. Fl. Austral, vii. 341. 

 M. Pandanophyllum, Bchum. & Sollr. Kaiser Wilhelms Land, 25. 



Malay Peninsula; Johore, Midleyn. 4093. — Disteie. N. Guinea, Queensland. 

 Stem 3-5 ft. Bracts 32 by 1 in., 3-nerved. Panicle 12 by 8 in. Spikes soli- 

 tary 3 in., euboid.ellipsoid, of very many spikelets. 



23. niAPANXA, Aubl. 



Stem very short ;, inflorescence congested on scapes. Leaves long, often 

 tough and coarse. Spikelet of 6 (or 6) glumes besides the bracteole, viz. 

 two lowest boat-shaped, opposite, monandrous ; third (on the anterior side 

 of spikelet) plane-conoave, not keeled, thin, sterile or monandrous; three 



