4 FIELD ZOOLOGY. 



leg on either side, while still another part of the mass will 

 be found to pass laterally to attach to the ribs of the wings. 

 Now for the mouth parts: Give your living grass- 

 hopper a fresh young grass leaf, and watch it through the 

 reading-glass. On the head will be found several pairs of 

 jointed organs with which it seizes and handles the leaf. 



Fig. I. — Skull of a grasshopper, Melanoplus differenlialis. a, antenna; c, 

 clypeus; e, compound eye; /, front; g, gena; I, labrum; Ip, labial palpus; m, 

 mandible; mp, maxillary palpus; o, ocelli; oc, occiput; pg, post-gena; v, vertex. 

 {Folsom.) 



The mandibles are first used; they seize the leaf; the 

 maxillae break up the green bits into smaller pieces ; then 

 is seen the labium or under lip, which seems to have no 

 further use than to turn the food bits round and round 

 and keep them from falling out of the mouth. Besides 

 these, at the side of the mouth opening and well in front, 

 are two pairs of hair-like appendages which are constantly 



