PYGOPODES. 355 



to the earliest bird suggesting the passerine type; until 

 to-day we have the birds of the present age, with such 

 differently developed characteristics as to warrant our 

 grouping them in the thirteen orders — Pygopodes, or 

 diving birds; Steganopodes, or fully- web-footed birds; 

 Lamellirostres, or duck-like birds; Longipennes, or long- 

 winged swimmers; Alectorides, swamp and marsh birds; 

 Herodiones, heron-like birds; Limicolse, shore birds; 

 Gallinas, game birds ; Columbs, doves and their relatives ; 

 Raptores, birds of prey ; Picarian birds ; and the Passeres, 

 crown and consumrfiation of development among the 

 tribes of birds. 



