20 THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND. 
determined to have a little sleep, carefully keeping bis 
weather eye open. The weather eye had refused, how- 
ever, not to share in the general indulgence; and he had 
only slept for about ten minutes or a quarter of an hour 
before the vessel reached the shore. The poor man would 
pay dear for it, as 1 was informed that a pilot he would be 
no more.’ 
Intricate as are the channels to be followed in winding 
through the archipelago and island-crowded waters, such 
mishaps are of rare occurrence. The training of the 
captains of the smallest steamers is thorough and efficient. 
There are several Schools of Navigation in the Grand- 
Duchy. They must have passed satisfactorily through the 
whole course of study followed there, and prescribed ex- 
aminations in every branch, and they must have served 
at least six months on board a ‘British vessel. One 
captain with whom I sailed had been twice from Liver- 
pool to Baltimore, and once to New York; another had 
been from London to India, and from London to China. 
They, and others with whom I have sailed, spoke English 
fluently, and in every respect had the bearing and manners 
of educated gentlemen. 
The facilities for inland navigation are numerous, and 
. In every way satisfactory. Many of the thousand lakes are 
connected by canals, and of these most are licensed for the 
passage of steamers. 
There are canals licensed for steam communication 
between the following towns: (1) On the lakes of the 
Savolakscarelie Canal, between Joensuu, Nyslot, Will- 
manstrand, St. Michel, Kuopia, and Idensalmi. During 
the summer not only are there tug-boats for the convey- 
ance of passengers and goods, but there are seventeen 
steam-boats and steam-launches, of which five come by 
the Saiman Canal to Wyborg, and then on to St. Peters- 
burg. There are two departures weekly to and from 
Wyborg and Kuopia, and Wyborg and Joensuu. (2) On 
