46 THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND. 
tion, as art and skill have as yet done little to assist 
nature, in utilising the provision made, by making canals 
and connecting by short courses widely extending water- 
systems, 
‘Over the greater portion of these glorious lakes and 
streams rests the gloomy silence of the wilderness, and on 
their shores have arisen but few of the abodes of man,’ 
The following additional information is supplied in great 
art by Dr Gabriel Rein, Professor of History in the 
Dniversity of Helsingfors, in a brochure published by him 
in 1839, under the title of Darstellung des Gross-Fiirst- 
enthums Finland : 
‘The granite rocks of the mainland stretch, mére especi- 
ally in the south, far into the sea, and form in part 
numerous capes, and in part innumerable rocky islands, on 
the south and south-west coast of Finland, which there 
bear the local name of Schaeren. Navigation is thus 
made very perilous; but there is also found there a great 
many excellent havens. On the Finnish coast of the 
Gulf of Bothnia there are fewer of these islands, but there 
is a gradual shallowing of the sea, compelling the dwellers 
on the coast to have resource to artificial works to deepen 
navigable water, or to select for havens places on the 
extremity of the coast. . By highland and mountain 
ranges ¥Finland is divided into five principal water- 
systems, of which one finds a outlet in the frozen ocean, 
two in the Gulf of Bothnia, one in the Gulf of Finland, 
and one in Lake Ladoga. 
‘I. The water-system of northern Lapland, the first 
mentioned, separated from the others by its southern 
boundary of high land, has its inclination to the north. 
Its most extensive lake, Enare Triisk, empties itself 
through the Patsjoki, in the Government of Archangel, 
into the Gulf of Passwik, on the southern coast of the 
Warangerfjord. The principal river, the Tanaelf, falls 
into the Tanafjord in Norway, 
