“SARTAGE” IN INDIA, 89 
that the system works well; and I may remark that the 
same amount of timber would not have been available for 
railway purposes, had it not been for this precaution. 
°9. Result in Belgam.—The result of the rules in Belgam 
(noted at foot of the Pros, of Government, p. 136), will be 
found clearly given in Captain Anderson’s letter, and 
appears to be very satisfactory. 
‘10. Sanitary considerations—In regard to the result of 
Koomaree cultivation, in a sanitary point of view, I can 
affirm, from personal gbservation, and consultation with 
my professional brethren, that “permanent clearings are 
of unmixed advantage;” the dense thorny scrub, which 
succeeds a deserted Koomaree, is decidedly more injurious 
to health than lofty forests open below, and harbours 
destructive animals to a greater extent. 
‘11. Punam of Malabar.—The enclosure B. of Mr Grant 
shows that the Punam culture of Malabar is identical with 
the Koomaree of Canara ; the soil, however, of that district 
is generally richer, and the results more profitable. The 
lands of Malabar being private property, I have never 
interfered. I may refer to Mr Beaumont’s letter showing 
the effect of excessive Koomaree on the operations of the 
jron company; and I may add, that I hope, with Mr 
Grant, that the enhanced price of timber will lead the 
Jenmakars to stop Punam cultivation in many jungles. 
‘12, Punakad of Salem.—This is an erratic system of 
tude cultivation, carried on by the Malaiails, a hill tribe 
inhabiting the Shevari and Chittéri Hills of Salem col- 
lectorate. Mr Fane, CS., lately directed the attention of 
the Revenue Board to the injurious effect of this upon the 
future prospects of coffee planting. 
‘13. Value of a Koomaree.—In conversing with different 
revenue officers I have heard many opinions as to the 
profit realised by Xoomaree cultivation. Ina minute by 
' Lord Harris, late Governor of Madras, dated 9th March 
1857, in E.M.C., No. 235, Rev. Dep., par. 171, it was com- 
puted, on the authority of Mr J. D. Robinson, at Rs. 3 per 
acre, which seems to be rather low, I accordingly in- 
