CHAPTER V. 
DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN FOREST ECONOMY 
IN FINLAND, 
THE tolerance in some districts of Finland of the appar- 
ently wasteful practice of Svedjande or Sartage is not 
incompatible with an endeavour to introduce the strictest 
economy into the management of forests in the same 
districts and in others, nor is there anything inconsistent 
in the endeavour to carry out simultaneously the two 
apparently conflicting methods of forest treatment. 
In Nature—WNatura naturata, to make use of a distinc- 
tion drawn by Coleridge, not Natura naturans, of which 
poets speak—we find profusion in combination with the 
most astounding economy of material and of force, though 
the command of both seems to be infinite. 
‘Full many a gem of purest ray serene, 
The dark unfathom’d caves of ocean bear ; 
Full many a flower is born to blush unseen, 
And waste its sweetness on the desert air.’ 
Yet we are told by Christ, ‘ Not a sparrow falls to the 
ground without your Father, and ‘ The very hairs of your 
head are all numbered ;’ and the student of science, while 
measuring the waters of the sea, or computing the age of the 
earth, looks up to tell that it seems to him not one atom of 
matter has been destroyed, or the minutest measure of force 
been lost, since the world began. ‘Consider the lilies of the 
field ! says Christ. There is not one of them but has been 
produced without waste, and finished with the perfection of 
beauty and economy in detail, though, flourishing to-day, 
to-morrow it may be thrown into the fire. 
In accordance with this is the combination in question, 
and it is a combination which may be scen also in coun- 
