11s THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND. 
A considerable time elapsed before any important 
change was made. On the 15th May 1848 there were 
issued Imperial Instructions relative to the management 
of the Crown forests, along with regulations relative to 
surveys to be made; and in 1857 there were made new 
provisional arrangements for the management of these 
forests. , 
The honour of originating the improved forest adminis- 
tration has been assigned to Staatsrath C. W. Gylden, who 
reckoned in 1851 that more than half of the whole area of 
Finland, 5924°7 geographical square miles, was forest, 
divided thus :— 
In Nylands Lin, - - - 141°3 
Abo, - - 274'2 
Tavastehus, - - - 202°9 
Wyborg, 408°3 
St. Michaels, - 239°7 
Kuopio, - : 429-7 
Wasa, - - 388°'8 
Uleaborg, ay F 1488°8 
3573°7 
From the work of Dr Ignatius we learn, that to secure a 
more economical and efficient management of the forests, 
certain arrangements were made, and published with 
authority on the 14th January 1851. Previous to this, 
the regulation of forest operations lay with the department 
in charge of the land surveying of the Grand Duchy. At 
the time stated it was found that the limited number of 
persons engaged in what may be called the forest service 
—seventeen in all—could do but little, and it was deemed 
necessary to introduce some new and different organisation 
for the management of the forests. With this in view, 
and with a view to the application to this of the general 
principles of forest science, modified as might be required 
by the condition of the country and its grand divisions, 
Baron von Berg, Oberforst-rath or Oberforst-coun- 
cillor of Saxony, the country of Hartig and of Cotta, 
