164 THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND. 
National Ekonomie [political economy], with a special view 
to the treatment of forests so as to promote the prosperity 
of the community, Forstliche Rechtskunde [the existing 
laws and regulations relative to forests, game, and fishing, 
the rights of property, &c.] 
‘II. Physical science: forest botany, forest zoology, and 
elements of mineralogy and of geology. 
III. Geodesy, or land surveying, mainly practised by 
exercises in measurements in forests. throughout the 
summer. 
‘IV. Rural economy: general instructions in all matters 
relating to agriculture, &c. 
‘V. Civil engineering: principally road-making, and 
construction of pontoons and floating bridges. 
‘VI. Forest mathematics, or the application of mathe- 
matical principles to forest economy. 
‘VII. Park-keeping and scientific administration of 
forests. 
‘VIII. Drawing of maps, charts, and plans, and prac- 
tical exercises, &c., in all forest work, and everything also 
relating to the management of State forests. 
‘ These are all still the subjects of study ; and previous 
to entering the Institution every student must have passed 
the final examination at the University of Helsingfors; 
and therefore he must have become acquainted with the 
first elements of the various branches of physical science, 
so that all the studies here are now directed towards the 
practical and professional application to forestry of what 
has been attained previously and otherwise. 
‘From the 15th of June to the Ist of November nearly 
the whole time is spent by the students in practical work 
in the forests, principally in measuring forests, pre- 
paring charts, and in works of taxation, as explained 
above. ‘ 
‘ During the months of winter lectures are delivered, as 
in the university, and thus are occupied at least twenty- 
one hours a week, A special law enjoins that the students 
