178 THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND. 
It is also used for lighting and for heating, and employed 
for the fabrication of charcoal, of turpentine, of resin, of 
pitch, of tar, and of lamp-black. 
His report is that in the western parts of Finland we 
find forests cf Pinus silvestris up to 68° 30’ lat., but in the 
eastern parts up to 69° 30’. Further to the north it grows 
only in sheltered places, but in such situations it is found 
in forests so far north as 69° 55’, but only in a dwarf state, 
and intermixed with birch trees. 
The fir (Abies excelsor) is also very common, and forms 
vast forests to the south of the Arctic Circle. The 
northern boundary of its growth is marked by a line which, 
a little to the north of the Ounastunturi (68° 20’), extends 
to the village of Kyroe (68° 45’), not far from the embou- 
chure of the Ivalojoki in the lake Enare. But isolated 
trees of it are found in the Lappish territory of Enare in 
latitude 69°. 
Of this, known as the Norway spruce, there were. exhi- 
bited at Moscow four sections of trunks, grown in Finland, 
which may be thus tabulated :— 
Place of Growth. Latitude. | fg, | Besht | Diameter. 
Evois, - - . - 61° 15’ 195 115 22 
Viitasaari, - - - - 63° 15’ 177 102 18:2 
Tornei, - . . 66° 30’ 194 75 21.6 
Rovaniemi, - - - - 66° 35’ 163 85 155 
In regard to this, the Pinus abies L., Abies excelsor D.C., 
it is reported by Dr Blomqvist :—‘ We have two varieties of 
the Norway pine, one of which has in the cone rhomboidal 
scales denticulated at the apex, and the other obovate 
scales entire at the apex. The former may be considered 
as the principal form, and identical with the Norway pine 
of Oentral Europe. The second (var. Medioxima Nylander 
