196 THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND. 
In the instructions for the management of Crown 
forests, issued under date of 13th May 1859, [ante p. 119, 
pp. 132-138], prescriptions were given of the size of wood 
to which timber required for different purposes should 
be confined. 
aa these prescriptions shipbuilding timber is classified 
thus :— 
(a.) Mast timber. Pine trunks, of straight growth, free 
from twist or shake, at least 70 feet long, and 21 dectmal- 
tinns or feults—one-tenth of a Finnish foot—in diameter 
at 6 feet above the root, with an upper- diameter of 12% 
dec., and at the centre of equilibrium, 20 feet or more 
from the top, a diameter of at least 15 dec. 
(b.) Large mast spars of pine wood, 68 feet in length, 
with a diameter of 192 dec. 6 feet from the root, and a 
diameter of 124 at the upper end. 
(c.) Lesser mast spars of pine, 60 feet long, with diameter 
6 feet from the root of 18 dec., and a diameter of 11}, dec. 
at the upper extremity. 
(d.) Large yard spars of pine or fir, free from twist, 70 
feet long, with a diameter 6 feet from the root of 204 dec., 
and a diameter at upper extremity of 103% dec., with a 
diameter at half the length of 154 dec. 
(e.) Top-gallant mast yards of pine or fir, of the length 
of 70 feet, with a diameter, at centre of equilibrium, of 12 
dec., and of 7 dec. at top. 
(f.) Bowsprits of pine; the greater 42 feet long, with a 
diameter at 6 feet above the root of 252 dec.; the lesser 
36 feet long, with a diameter of 224 dec, 6 feet above the 
root, and at the top of 154 dec. : 
(g.) Keel timber of pine or fir, at least 36 feet long, and 
a diameter of at least 17 dec. 
(h.) Rudder beams of pine or fir, heart wood, at least 
30 feet long, and at least 15 dec. in diameter. 
(.) Deck balks of pine: the larger 30 feet long, 7 to 
72 dec. in breadth, and 19 dec. in thickness; the lesser 
24 feet long, 4 to 44 dec. in breadth, and 12% dec, in 
thickness, 
