DISPOSAL OF FOREST PRODUCTS. 197 
(&.) Kloss timber, the larger 30 feet long, 22 dec. in 
diameter ; the lesser 24 feet long, 19 dec. in thickness. 
(2) Bottom sleepers of pine or fir trunks, with root 
branch at an obtuse angle of 135°, or at a right angle of 
90°, of which there are generally required in shipbuilding 
three times as many of the former--the obtuse angled, as 
of the latter—the right angled. In dimensions they are 
classified thus: the larger with a length of trunk of 10 
feet, with a root branch 2 feet long, hewn with a breadth 
of 204 dec., and a thickness of 10} dec.; the lesser with a 
length of trunk of 8 feet, and a root branch of 1 foot long, 
a breadth of 12 dec., and a thickness of 7? dec. 
(m.) Knees of firwood,; with a strong root branch, 
whereof can be hewn right-angled pieces, in which the 
stem portion is double the length of the root portion, and 
of the following dimensions: large knees, length of stem 
13 feet, and of root branch 6 feet, with a transverse diameter 
of stem 3 feet from the angle of at least 15 dec., and of 
root branch 14 feet from the angle of at least 10 dec.; 
small knees, length of stem 7 feet, of root branch 34 feet, 
and of the breadth required in the others. 
(n.) Keel roots of fir, which are also knees, the root 
branch forming with the stem an angle of 135°, the length 
of stem 4 to 6 feet, and the transverse diameter 17 to 21 
dec. 
From time immemorial the inhabitants of the Finnish 
‘coast have been engaged in shipbuilding, and those in the 
vicinity of Jakobstad, and of Gamla Karlely in particular, 
have been renowned as excellent ship carpenters and 
builders. The art of shipbuilding is attracting more and 
more attention, especially along the south coast, where 
every year numerous regattas excite interest, and supply 
demonstration of the advantages of a good model. 
I have made mention of the extent to which I found 
iron steamers employed on Lake Saima. In regard to the 
general use now made of such vessels throughout Finland, 
and in other forest lands in the north of Kurope; and, 
