202 THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND. 
products. The Bjérneborg matches were formerly ex- 
ported in great quantities to all countries. Previous to 
1875 the manufacture had become greatly reduced. In that 
year there were produced 15,978 cases of 1000 boxes each 
of matches of all kinds, valued at 261,700 marks. The 
establishment gave employment to 30 men, 179 women, 
and 60 children under 15 years of age. The six other 
match manufactories then carried on—two at Tammerfors, 
one at Nystad, one at Jakobstad, one at Helsingfors, and 
one in the parish of Kupio—were on a smaller scale. 
These manufactories amply supplied the requirements of 
the country, and furnished yearly a certain quantity of 
products, but this has been gradually reduced. The 
exportations were :— 
1870, - - 40,167 cases. 
1871, - 9,541 ,, 
1872, - - - 13,156 ,, 
1873, - - - 12,057 ,, 
1874, - - - - 5,550 ,, 
1875, - - 7,614 ,, 
The value of the matches manufactured in 1873, accord- 
ing to the official report of the Directory of Manufactures, 
was 278,505 marks. 
Another industry largely employing forest products is 
tanning. There are in Finland 28 large tanneries; and 
and there are 200 master tanners in the towns, and 372 
in the rural communes. The largest of these is that of 
Astrém Brothers, at Uleaborg, where are manufactured 
both coarse leather and so-called Russian leather. The 
total value of the produce in 1875 amounted to 620,000 
marks. Of the hides 10,000 were American, and 1800 
Finnish. In this year there were imported 700,091 kilo- 
grammes of raw hides. 
In Finland there is a large and progressingly increasing 
manufactory of paper and pasteboard, which is largely 
exported. This manufacture has received a great impetus 
