DISPOSAL OF FOREST PRODUCTS. 205 
National Exhibition in Moscow this summer. I may add 
that in many parts of the country they manufacture tar 
from the stumps and roots of the Scots fir, Pinus silvestris. 
At the same exhibition were exhibited two models of 
charcoal pits. 
SECTION E.—FUvEL. 
To the quantity of wood made use of in the manufac- 
tures which have been spoken of has to be added the 
quantity consumed as fuel in other industries, prominent 
amongst which are tile works, porcelain and glass manu- 
factories, smelting and engineering works, cotton mills, 
and woollen manufactories, in which steam-power is 
employed, and locomotive engines in steamboats and on 
railways, in all of which wood is the principal fuel con- 
sumed. 
In these it is mainly for the production of motive power 
that forest products are required. In the production of this 
there were employed 2357 water wheels, and 211 turbines, 
of an aggregate of 41,105 horse-power, and 456 steam- 
engines, of an aggregate of 5429 horse-power, But to 
these have to be added 93 locomotive railway engines, of 
16,400 horse-power, and 211 steamboats of 5407 horse- 
power. In many of the steam-engine furnaces wood is 
used as fuel, though coke and coal are largely employed. 
To the consumption of firewood as fuel which is thus 
occasioned, has to be added that of the consumption of 
wood as fuel in domestic life, in heating the houses, in 
cooking, and in the baths. The domestic consumption of 
firewood by a population numbering two millions, living in 
a country so far north as Finland, and where this is the 
only fuel accessible to the people, must be very great. 
Dr. Ignatius reports that, according to an approximate 
calculation, there is consumed annually in Finland 754 
millions of cubic feet of wood, without taking into account 
what is consumed in the towns and what is exported. He 
states that the destruction which is thus occasioned has 
