CHAPTER XI. 
LITERATURE OF FORESTRY. 
THE earliest publications relative to forests and forestry in 
Finland which have been brought under my notice, are 
two brief treatises, published as theses in the last century, 
one by Professor P. A. Gadd, and the other by Professor 
P. Kalm, both of the University of Abo. In the present 
century, Mr C. Boecker, also a professor in that University, 
published in 1829 a good volume On the conservation and 
treatment of forests in the north. 
In 1829 Mr V. Ficandt published a small book On the 
increase made by woods in growing. 
Staatsrath C. W. Gylden, the founder of modern forest 
economy in Finland, published in 1853 an excellent and 
valued work entitled A Guide in the Treatment of Forests 
in Finland. 
In 1858 was published Finlands-Skogar, by Mr Edmund 
V. Berg. 
In 1861 was published a treatise On the manufacture of 
tar in Finland, Finlands Gaern Industrie, by Mr A. Solden. 
In 1863 was published a volume by Mr E. W. Stroem- 
berg, On the government of Uleaborg, the principal forest 
lan in Finland. 
From 1866 to 1869 appeared successive reports of the 
Commission appointed to enquire into everything relating 
to the condition and treatment of the forests, entitled the 
Stateskogs-Commissionens Beraettelse ; and annual reports on 
the management of these forests—Forst styrelsens Beraet- 
telse, giving details in regard to those in each of the lins, 
continue to be issued. Dispersed in various journals 
have appeared valuable treatiscs on matters pertaining to 
