232 THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND. 
Hydrology of South Africa* I have had occasion to 
state :— 
‘In many atlases published in illustration of physical 
geography there may be found maps representing the 
results of observations carefully made by scientific men of 
similiar changes in various parts of the world, horizontal 
lines being employed to indicate areas of subsidence, while 
those of elevation are marked by vertical lines, and inter- 
mediate districts of indecision are pointed out by crossings 
of the two sets of lines. F 
‘By a representation of these already spoken of, it 
appears, as has been intimated, that throughout the 
region of the West Indies, and the western coast of Mexico 
and South Africa, and throughout a triangular space, 
included by a line through these places, subtending an 
angle at and including the Sandwich Islands, a right 
angled triangle, measuring upwards of 100° of longitude, 
and 75° of latitude, the land and ocean bed are rising ; that, 
throughout an irregularly formed figure, including Australia 
and the islands of the south Pacific, 145° of longitude and 
75° of latitude, the land and ocean bed are being depressed}; 
that, throughout the Gulf of Bengal, the China Sea, and 
east to the Carolina’s, including Sumatra, Borneo, and the 
Phillipe Islands, the land is being elevated, which is also 
the case in the Mauritius, Madagascar, and along the east 
coast of Africa, while that portion of the Indian Ocean 
which lies between these and the west coast of India is 
being depressed. 
* Hydrology of South Africa ; or details of the former hydrographic condition of the 
Cape of Good Hope, and of causes of its present aridity, with suggestions of appropriate 
remedies for this aridity. In which the desiccation of South Africa, from pre-Adamic 
times to the present day, is traced by indications supplied by geological formations, by 
the physical geography or general contour of the country, and by arborescent produc: 
tions in the interior, with results confirmatory of the opinion that the appropriate 
remedies are irrigation, arboriculture, and an improved forest economy ; or the erection 
of dams to prevent. the escape of a portion of the rainfall to the sea—the abandonment 
or restriction of the burning of the herbage and bush in connection with pastoral and. 
icultural operations—the conservation and extension of existing forests—and the 
adoption of measures similiar to the réboi, éand | ~ carried outin France, 
th a view to prevent the formation of torrents and the destruction of property occa- 
sioned by them. London: Henry 8. King & Co. 1876. — 
