CONTOUR OF THE COUNTRY. 239 
On the same subject Dr. Ignatius writes :—‘ Finland is 
not a country of mountains, although the surface is marked 
by inequalities, and the heights are composed of granite 
masses. It is only in the northern part in Lapland that 
we meet with mountains of some importance. The highest 
of these is the Haldefjall, or, as it is called in Lappish, 
Haldischok, which attains an elevation of 1258 metres. It 
is situated at the extreme north-west, on the confines of 
Norway, and it belongs properly to the Norwegian Alps. 
And the same may be said, geographically speaking, of 
other mountain summits situated in the small Lappish 
territory of Enontekis, which runs in as a corner between 
Sweden and Norway. Outside of this territory, the 
principal mountains of Finland are the Pallastunturi, 
858 metres; the Peldoaivi, the Ounastunturi [the Peld- 
viot and Quanastuntivri of Helm], all in Lapland. To the 
south of the Artic Circle no mountain summit is 600 feet 
above the level of the sea, and very few exceed half that 
height. There may still be found at Kuusamo some 
elevations which attain the altitude of 865 metres, but 
further to the south they are much below that. The 
highest of the hills which has been measured in Southern 
Finland is the Tiirismaa, in the parish of Hollola, to the 
west of Lahtis. It does not rise more than 230 metres 
above the level of the sea. The mean elevation of the 
interior of Finland is about 100 metres. 
‘ With the exception of the moraines, of which mention 
has been made, the elevated ground of Finland does not 
form regular mountain chains well defined. Those which 
are found in maps are inserted, for the most part, to indi- 
cate the watershed, but the traveller traversing the country 
will often find it difficult to observe them. The most 
important of these is the Maanselka, or the “ Back of the 
Land,” which separates the waters which flow into the 
Frozen Ocean from those which flow into the Gulf of 
Bothnia. After having followed in the north the Russian 
boundary, the elevation bends away to the west near to 
Moentoenvaara in 64° N, lat., where it takes the name of 
