266 THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND. 
study, together with the production of these by heat, and 
by enervated obstacles. 
And he writes, ‘After thus crossing the trough in 
which the Baltic lies at six different points; after 
travelling round the whole peninsula, and crossing 
the isthmus; after taking a peep at the Russian side, 
fishing, and copying rock forms everywhere, a glacial theory 
had formed insensibly. Either the hills of Sweden had 
been covered with land glaciers, which made one big 
glacier in the Baltic, or the hills were so covered, and the 
sea was up to their bases, and loaded with ice-floats 
which moved down the Baltic, over Southern Sweden, and 
into the German Ocean. In any case numerous ice- 
grooves point across the road, and along the coast-line, 
instead of pointing up at the mountains, which they 
would do if made by glaciers like those on the Alps.’ 
Writing of Trollhiittan he says, ‘It is a large water 
slide—a slide not a fall, and the rocks beside it are 
striated. Large lakes, through which the steamer 
passes, are full of great stones, some of which are 
balanced upon the backs of rocks, and rise above water ; . 
others are piled in heaps, which form circular islands, 
long mounds and long shallow channels through which 
the steamer is guided by poles stuck up for beacons. All 
the rocks seen were of ice-ground forms, but land glaciers 
will not account for them. 
‘ Any good map will show that all the chief rock-basins 
and rock-grooves in Sweden, between lat. 60° and 56° N.; 
all the chief lakes, and chains of lakes, and most of the 
large rivers, and main roads (which are made in hollows), 
point N.E. and N.N.E., up into the Baltic, and at the 
isthmus which cuts the Baltic from the Polar basin. 
Nothing here points at the hills, 
‘The shape of the Baltic, its coast forms—fjords and 
islands—are copies of the lakes. There are the same 
rocks, the same circular islands, the same low hills, fading 
away into a blue sea, in which the same roads fringe a 
tideless coast. The maps show the same physical 
